Songklanakarin Journal of Management Sciences

Supply Chain Management, Collaboration in Supply Chain, Competitive Advantage in the Development and Promotion of Health Tourism

2025-11-06T12:54:23+07:00

This research aims to study the relationships and causal influences of supply chain management components, supply chain collaboration, and competitive advantage on the development and promotion of health tourism in community enterprises in the model herbal cities. The research is conducted using a quantitative approach, with the sample consisting of 420 community enterprises that produce herbal products in the model herbal cities across 9 provinces, including Nakhon Pathom, Saraburi, Prachinburi, Chanthaburi, Chiang Rai, Phitsanulok, Udon Thani, Surat Thani, and Songkhla. The sample was selected using simple random sampling. The research instrument used was a questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The research findings indicate that the theoretical model and empirical data are consistent and meet the model evaluation criteria. Supply chain management, supply chain collaboration, and competitive advantage have a direct influence on the development and promotion of health tourism. This study contributes to expanding knowledge on supply chain management and wellness tourism of community enterprises in model herbal cities. The findings can be used as supporting information for policy formulation and for promoting supply chain collaboration to enhance competitive advantage. In addition, the results provide practical guidelines for community enterprises to apply in developing and promoting sustainable wellness tourism.

The Influence of Earnings Management on Stakeholder Returns in Thai Savings and Credit Cooperatives

2025-10-29T10:56:35+07:00

This research aims to examine the influence of earnings management on the stakeholder returns allocation in Thai Savings and Credit Cooperatives, including dividend rates, patronage refund rates, and board and staff bonus rates. The study employed secondary data from 263 savings cooperatives between 2015 and 2024, totaling 2,630 observations. The analysis was conducted using a panel data approach with a Fixed Effect model. The results indicate that earnings management has a statistically significant negative influence on dividend rates at the significant 0.10 level, while no significant influence was found on patronage refund rates or board and staff bonus rates. Conversely, profitability, cooperative size, and the growth of reserve and accumulated funds have a positive influence on stakeholder payouts. These findings suggest that the return allocations in Savings and Credit Cooperatives are associated with profitability and internal financial stability. Furthermore, as cooperative payouts are subject to legal and regulatory frameworks that emphasize financial stability, earnings management is not employed as a signaling tool or a mechanism to increase returns for cooperative stakeholders.

Service Quality Evaluation of an Anti-Aging Center Using the 5Q Model and Importance-Performance Analysis

2025-11-06T13:37:49+07:00

This research aimed to evaluate the service quality of an anti-aging center from the perspective of service users by applying the 5Q Model, together with both traditional and modified Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) based on Three-Factor Theory. The sample consisted of 316 clients of a single anti-aging center, selected using Yamane’s formula. Data were collected through a questionnaire measuring the levels of importance and performance across 20 service quality factors.
The results from the traditional IPA revealed that four factors were classified as strengths that should be maintained (“Keep up the good work”), namely safety (B1), service capability (B2), cleanliness (B10), and physician-patient communication (B15). In contrast, parking availability (B9) was identified as a factor requiring urgent improvement (“Concentrate here”). The application of Three-Factor Theory provided a more refined classification, identifying six basic factors requiring immediate improvement due to high importance but low satisfaction levels: safety (B1), service capability (B2), parking availability (B9), payment system (B11), technology utilization (B12), and physician responsiveness (B16). Meanwhile, cleanliness (B10), physician communication (B15), and an atmosphere that enhances confidence (B18) remained key strengths of the service. The integration of traditional IPA and Three-Factor Theory enabled a deeper understanding of service users’ true expectations and supported management in formulating systematic service quality improvement strategies to enhance competitive advantage in the preventive healthcare business.

Competency Development, Training Design, and the Use of Digital Transformation as a Medium to Enhance Work Efficiency for Thai Life Insurance Agents

2025-12-09T17:03:25+07:00

The life insurance business is a business that is highly important to the economic system. Each year, more than 80,000 new agents pass the knowledge examination criteria required by the government and enter the business holding a license in the first year. However, only about 47.50% or 38,000 agents per year survive and meet the government’s criteria for license renewal to continue into the second year. Therefore, the researcher studied the problem in order to determine the components of competencies, design training programs that promote work efficiency, and develop a competency model through the mediating role of digital transformation. This research employed qualitative methods by conducting in-depth interviews with executives who supervise sales teams of life insurance companies to create question items, and quantitative methods by collecting data from questionnaires administered to life insurance agents holding licenses from the second year onwards in life insurance companies ranked in the top 1–10, which were then analyzed using structural equation modeling. The findings revealed that an appropriate set of competencies and training design, taking into account the principles of digital transformation, can enhance the long-term work efficiency of life insurance agents. This research helps to fill the gap in competency theory, adds measurement components to efficiency theory, and benefits both the government and the business sector by providing a competency model that can be applied to design training curricula for the development of life insurance personnel to be of quality and to grow sustainably.

An Analysis of Cross-Cultural Communication Risks Influencing the Effectiveness of Information Technology Project Management in Multinational IT Companies in Thailand

2026-02-12T10:21:42+07:00

The objective of this research was to study cross-cultural communication risks influencing the effectiveness of information technology (IT) project management. Specifically, the study sought to determine what those risks were and how they impacted the performance of multinational IT firms. This study employed a mixed-methods research approach. The sample group consisted of 385 personnel, comprising project managers, team leaders, and software engineers from multinational IT companies, selected via purposive and multi-stage sampling. The research instruments included a questionnaire, which was verified for content validity and reliability (0.85), and an expert panel meeting to confirm the results. Data analysis was conducted using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results indicated that culture risk, organizational structure risk, and technology risk. Cross-cultural team collaboration was found to have a direct influence on communication effectiveness and project success at a statistical significance level of .001. Furthermore, risk assessment reflected that cultural risk exerted the highest influence on team collaboration. Findings regarding risk response suggested guidelines for risk mitigation and risk sharing to minimize uncertainty and enhance communication efficiency. Therefore, this research broadened empirical knowledge in cross-cultural risk management and served as a practical framework for organizations to formulate cultural communication strategies and competencies, ultimately elevating project outcomes.

Carbon Footprint Assessment of the Distribution Process and Methods for Greenhouse Gas Reduction: The Case of Beverage Production Business

2025-11-10T09:14:14+07:00

Climate change has led the transportation sector to be recognized as a major source of greenhouse gas emissions. This study aims to quantify greenhouse gas emissions arising from the distribution processes of a case-study company and to identify appropriate measures for reducing emissions associated with distribution activities. Greenhouse gas emissions were assessed in accordance with the Global Logistics Emissions Council (GLEC) Framework, an internationally recognized carbon footprint assessment tool specifically designed for transportation and logistics supply chains. Data were collected through on-site observation of actual operations, semi-structured interviews, and documentary review. The collected data were subsequently analyzed to estimate greenhouse gas emissions and to compare emission outcomes under different emission-reduction policy scenarios. The results indicate that the case-study company generated a total of 105,693.65 kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent (kgCO₂e) from its distribution processes. Direct-to-store distribution accounted for 86,974.52 kgCO₂e, while direct transportation via a distribution center resulted in emissions of 18,719.13 kgCO₂e. The most effective and operationally feasible emission-reduction strategy for the beverage manufacturing company was found to be the improvement of transportation efficiency through load factor optimization combined with the adoption of electric vehicles. This policy achieved a total emission reduction of 19,017.93 kgCO₂e, representing a 21.94 percent decrease compared with greenhouse gas emissions prior to process improvement.

A Financial Feasibility Study of the Investment for Converting Deisel Small Pick-up Truck into Battery Electric Vehicle (BEVs) for Public Transport Service

2025-12-19T16:06:16+07:00

This study aims to investigate the financial feasibility of the investment for converting diesel small pick-up-truck into battery electricity vehicle for public transport service. Secondary data and information from various sources were collected and set up the assumptions and calculate the financial feasibility indicators, which were net present value (NPV), the benefit-cost ratio (BC ratio), internal rate of returns (IRR) and playback period (PB) based on a project lifespan of 10 years.
This study defined project’s revenue was based on the public transport service with flat rate fare options including 5 THB, 8 THB, and 10 THB per trip. The maximum daily passenger volume was set up at 150, 200 and 250 person-trip for vehicles equipped with a 60-kWh battery and 200, 250 and 300 person-trip for vehicles equipped with 75-kWh battery.
Result showed that the Lithium-ion battery cost represents the highest proportion of conversion cost, meanwhile, electricity charging cost and labor cost were the two majors of operating cost. Financial feasibility indicates that fare per-trip, maximum daily passenger volume, range of distance service governed by battery size and government subsidies played the crucial role for the financial viability.

The Role of Community Networks in Solving Compostable Waste Problems Using Environmentally Friendly Management Methods: A Case Study of Suphap-on-wan Community, Hat Yai Municipality, Songkhla Province

2026-01-07T08:42:19+07:00

This research aims to study the situation of compostable waste problems in Suphap-on-wan Community, Hat Yai Municipality, Songkhla Province; to examine the role of community networks in addressing compostable waste issues; to identify lessons learned regarding obstacles and management of compostable waste; and to investigate the application of the 5Rs principles (Reduce, Reuse, Reject, Recycle, Repair) in community waste management. This study employs a qualitative approach, using in-depth interviews with 24 key informants using purposive sampling, including 15 community residents (18 years or older), 2 community leaders, 2 local environmental volunteers, 2 public health volunteers, and 3 staff from the Public Health and Environment Division. The findings reveal that compostable waste problems stem from a lack of cooperation in waste separation and from improper waste disposal along the boundaries between local administrative organizations. Community networks play a vital role, with community leaders fostering participatory processes and community committees coordinating and distributing responsibilities. The major obstacles include inconsistent waste management among some residents, lack of cooperation from tenants in rental houses, and improper disposal of unsorted waste by outsiders. At the household level, waste is separated into three categories: compostable, general, and recyclable waste. The community effectively applies the principles of Recycle, Reuse, and Reduce through the operations of its community networks. As a result, Suphap-on-wan Community has successfully won the Zero Waste Community Award in 2023.