Journal of MCU Nakhondhat

APPLICATION OF THE PRINCIPLES IN SUTTANTA PITAKA TO DEVELOP THE ADMINISTRATION OF THE SANGHA

Phrakhru Dhammathorn Thawatchai Thamathacho (Tuatuean) — 2026-08-20

This research article had three objectives: 1) To investigate the principles of Dhamma in the Suttanta Piṭaka related to the development of Sangha administration; 2) To examine the application of these principles to the development of Sangha administration; and 3) To propose guidelines
for applying the principles of Dhamma in the Suttanta Piṭaka to improve Sangha administration. This study employed a qualitative research approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 30 key informants and focus group discussions with 12 experts, all of whom were selected using purposive sampling. The research instrument consisted of a structured interview, while the data were analyzed through content analysis. The credibility of the findings was verified using triangulation techniques. The findings revealed that the key principles in the Suttanta Piṭaka applicable to the development of Sangha administration include the Aggañña Sutta, which explains the foundation of the legitimacy of authority; the Cakkavatti Sutta, which emphasizes moral leadership; and the Aparihāniyadhamma, which serves as a key mechanism for participatory organizational governance. These three principles can be integrated into a three-level Dhamma-based governance system comprising the policy, structural, and operational levels. The new body of knowledge derived from this study is the SIAD Sangha Governance Model, an integrated conceptual framework for enhancing Sangha administration through legitimacy, moral leadership, and participatory mechanisms. The model serves as a practical prototype for improving the administration of Sangha organizations as well as public organizations based on Buddhist principles. Furthermore, it can be applied as a comprehensive framework for developing effective Sangha administration in accordance with the principles of the Vinaya and the contemporary social context.

AN ADMINISTRATIVE MODEL USING COLLABORATIVE NETWORKS TO PROMOTE STUDENTS' CONTINUATION TO VOCATIONAL EDUCATION UNDER THE OFFICE OF THE VOCATIONAL EDUCATION COMMISSION: A FACTOR ANALYSIS APPROACH

Araya Chaychoowong — 2026-08-20

This research aimed to: 1) Examine the components of the administrative conditions of collaborative network management for promoting students' continuation to vocational education, and 2) Develop a collaborative network management model for promoting students' continuation to vocational education. A mixed-methods research design was employed. The research instruments consisted of an expert interview form, a questionnaire for investigating the components, and a questionnaire for confirming the identified components. The participants included nine experts in network management, selected through purposive sampling, and respondents for the component analysis, selected using three-stage random sampling from 13 educational institutions under the Bangkok Institute of Vocational Education. The respondents were divided into two groups: 1) 219 administrators and teachers for the exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and 2) 234 administrators and teachers for the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The findings revealed that: 1) The document analysis and expert interviews yielded 107 preliminary items, which were subsequently refined into 79 questionnaire items; 2) The exploratory factor analysis indicated that the 79 indicators could be classified into seven components: work competency, administrative processes, increasing stakeholder participation through collaboration with enterprises in the practical implementation of vocational education management, alumni networks supporting student inspiration and educational facilities, modern instructional management, career orientation, and strategy implementation; and 3) The confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated that the factor structure was consistent with the conceptual framework, supporting a unidimensional model. Furthermore, the model showed a good fit with the empirical data, with all statistical indices meeting the established criteria, confirming the construct validity and the goodness-of-fit of all seven components.

THE DEVELOPMENT A PROGRAM TO PROMOTE CREATIVE THINKING AND CHARACTERISTICS OF INNOVATORS BASED ON PROJECT-BASED LEARNING MANAGEMENT WITH STEAM EDUCATION CONCEPTS OF A RAJABHAT UNIVERSITY PRE-SERVICE SCIENCE TEACHER

Wichuta Auansrimuang — 2026-08-20

This research aimed to: 1) Examine the current conditions, desirable conditions, and needs for developing a program to promote creative thinking and science teaching innovation through project-based learning combined with the STEM education concept for science teacher students at Rajabhat University. The population consisted of 528 students from the Faculty of Education and Human Development Chaiyaphum Rajabhat University. The sample consisted of 182 students from department of Education, Major in General Science, selected by purposive sampling. The research instrument was a rating scale questionnaire. The findings revealed that the overall modified priority needs index was 0.59. 2) Develop a program to promote creative thinking and science teaching innovation through project-based learning combined with the STEM education concept for science teacher students at Rajabhat University. Needs were assessed through priority ranking, followed by program drafting through a focus group discussion with key informants comprising administrators major subject instructors, totaling eight persons, selected by purposive sampling. The data collection instruments were a focus group discussion form and a questionnaire. Content validity was verified, yielding: an activity management plan comprising four learning units, three hours per unit, totaling 12 hours. 3) Examine the effects of implementing the program to promote creative thinking and teacher innovativeness through project-based learning combined with the STEM education concept for science teacher students at Rajabhat University. The population consisted of 182 students from the Faculty of Education and Human Development, Education Program, Major in General Science. The sample consisted of 50 third-year students from the Faculty of Education and Human Development, Education Program, Major in General Science, selected by purposive sampling. The research instruments were: 1) Four lesson plans totaling 12 hours; 2) A creative thinking assessment form; and 3) A teacher innovativeness assessment form. The statistics employed were mean and standard deviation; the hypothesis testing statistic was the one-sample t-test. The findings revealed that the creative thinking scores of the science teacher students were significantly higher than the specified criterion at the .05 level of statistical significance (t = 4.55, p = .000), and the teacher innovativeness skill assessment scores were significantly higher than the specified criterion of 80 percent at the .05 level of statistical significance (t = 8.52, p = .000).

THE CAUSAL RELATIONSHIP MODEL OF FACTORS INFLUENCING THE SURVIVAL OF PRIVATE SCHOOLS IN BANGKOK AND METROPOLITAN AREAS

Puntitra Kohsuwan — 2026-08-20

This research article aims to: 1) Examine the causal relationships, including both direct and indirect effects, of entrepreneurial leadership, educational management mix, and family business succession on the survival of private schools in Bangkok and metropolitan areas; and 2) Validate the goodness-of-fit of the proposed causal relationship model with empirical data. This study employed a quantitative research design. The sample size was set at 500 administrators, from which 494 completed questionnaires were returned, representing a response rate of 98.80%. The respondents were private school administrators in Bangkok and metropolitan areas, selected through stratified random sampling. The research instrument was a questionnaire, with Item-Objective Congruence (IOC) scores for each item ranging from .60 to 1.00 and Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficients between .963 and .965. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The research results revealed that: 1) Entrepreneurial leadership had a significant direct influence on private school survival ( = 0.42). It also had significant direct influences on educational management mix ( = 0.39) and family business succession ( = 0.35). Regarding the endogenous variables in the model, educational management mix ( = 0.31) and family business succession ( = 0.32) both demonstrated significant direct effects on private school survival. Furthermore, entrepreneurial leadership exhibited statistically significant indirect effects on private school survival through educational management mix (.12) and family business succession (.11). Collectively, the model explained 60 percent of the variance in private school survival (R² = 0.60). 2) The structural equation model demonstrated goodness-of-fit with the empirical data (χ²/df = 1.17, RMSEA = 0.02, SRMR = 0.03, GFI = 0.96, CFI = 0.99).

THE COMMUNICATION OF FORTUNE TELLERS’ CREDIBILITY ON ONLINE PLATFORMS

Nongnart Pattarasriapirom — 2026-08-20

This research aimed to examine the core content themes employed by fortune tellers in their communication, the communication strategies used to establish credibility, and user-generated content (UGC) created on online platforms. The concepts and theories utilised in this study included Berlo’s Communication Model, Credibility Theory, Identity Theory, Rhetorical Theory, Semiotic Approaches, the concept of UGC, and Media Dependency Theory. This study adopted a qualitative research approach through content analysis of online platform content from three fortune-teller pages. A total of 540 online content items were collected between January 1, 2025, and June 30, 2025, and were analyzed through textual analysis and communication interpretation. The findings revealed that: 1) The content communicated by fortune tellers on online platforms consisted of horoscope and fortune prediction, worship rituals, auspicious date and time selection, recommendations of spiritual tourism destinations, amulet rental services, physiognomy, feng shui, and signature design; 2) The communication strategies used to establish credibility included the encoding of distinctive verbal language, the use of unique body language, the use of distinctive clothing codes, the rational linkage between astrological movements and individual behavior, the use of repetition techniques to convey expertise, the use of symbolic backgrounds to reinforce narratives, and the creation of trust through personalized signature designs; and 3) UGC included expressions of appreciation and religious blessings such as “Sadhu”, the sharing of photographs related to participation in rituals, exchanges of opinions with other users, the sharing of experiences resulting from the use of amulets, and the embedding of product advertisements within comments. These practices reflected the active participation of followers within online media spaces.

PARTICIPATORY DEVELOPMENT OF INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE DIGITAL DATABASE TO PROMOTE TOURISM IN PHIPUN, NAKHON SI THAMMARAT PROVINCE

Wichian Manlae — 2026-08-20

This study aimed to develop a digital database of intangible cultural heritage to promote tourism in Phipun District, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province. A mixed-methods research design was employed, integrating both quantitative and qualitative approaches. For the quantitative phase, data were collected via questionnaires from a sample of 200 respondents selected through convenience sampling. This sample comprised three primary stakeholder groups: 106 tourists, 60 members of the general public, and 34 tourism entrepreneurs. The quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including percentages, means, and standard deviations. For the qualitative phase, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with 25 key informants selected through purposive sampling. This cohort included community leaders, local sages across five sub-districts, tourists, and active local entrepreneurs. Qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis, coding, and thematic analysis to synthesize the core themes. The findings revealed that the digital database of intangible cultural heritage for tourism promotion in Phipun District, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, encompasses cultural capital data categorized into four primary dimensions: 1) Buddhist art and local historical heritage, 2) Local wisdom and beliefs, 3) Natural capital, and 4) Cultural management networks. Furthermore, the digital database, developed and deployed via the website www.phipun.com, covers 12 cultural heritage sites and legends by integrating a Geographic Information System (GIS) and storytelling techniques. The overall user satisfaction with the digital database was at a high level ( = 4.41) demonstrating an effective model for intangible cultural heritage management for sustainable tourism. Finally, the study synthesized a novel body of knowledge into the "P-IDE Model" and provided recommendations regarding "living cultural data" and a "digital community cultural council" to elevate and sustain the digital database.

LEARNING MANAGEMENT MODELS IN THE DIGITAL AGE FOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS

Charuwan Juisuwannathat — 2026-08-20

This research aimed to: 1) Investigate the current conditions, problems, and management approaches for learning management in the digital era in secondary schools; and 2) Develop a learning management administration model for secondary schools in the digital era. A mixed-methods research design was employed. The sample consisted of 302 participants, including school administrators, heads of academic affairs, heads of curriculum, and teachers, selected through stratified random sampling. In addition, 10 experts, comprising university lecturers, educational administrators, and educational supervisors, were purposively selected to develop the proposed model. The research instruments included questionnaires, interview forms, and evaluation forms. Data were analyzed using percentage, mean, standard deviation, and qualitative content analysis. The research findings revealed that: 1) The overall current condition of learning management administration in the digital era was at a high level ( = 4.00, S.D. = 0.90). The recommended management approaches emphasized collaboration, accessibility to digital technology, and the development of a participatory learning community through continuous engagement. and 2) The developed learning management administration model comprised five components: 1) The principles of the model, emphasizing collaboration and access to digital technology; 2) The objectives, focusing on establishing sustainable management practices and enhancing administrative quality to meet educational standards; 3) The implementation process, covering curriculum design, learning management, and assessment and evaluation; 4) The evaluation of the model, focusing on both implementation processes and stakeholder satisfaction; and 5) The success conditions, including a strong support system, personnel competency, and continuous professional learning. The overall evaluation of the model indicated that it was rated at the highest level in terms of appropriateness, feasibility, and usefulness. ( = 4.61, S.D. = 0.53).

DEVELOPMENT OF STORYTELLING-BASED VERTICAL VIDEO CONTENT TO PROMOTE LEISURE SKILL AWARENESS AMONG UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS

Wipongchai Rongkhankaew — 2026-08-20

This research article aims to: 1) Develop vertical video content using storytelling techniques to promote the perception of quality leisure-time skills; 2) Investigate viewers' perception of these skills; and 3) Examine user satisfaction. Utilizing a research and development (R&D) design, the study sampled 385 undergraduate students from Srinakharinwirot University (Prasarnmit and Ongkharak campuses). The sample size was determined using Cochran’s formula for an unknown population, and participants were recruited via volunteer sampling, specifically selecting those who had watched all eight episodes of the developed content. The research instruments included: 1) Eight vertical video clips evaluated for content validity and quality by experts; 2) A leisure-time skill perception questionnaire (reliability = 0.94); and 3) A satisfaction evaluation form (reliability = 0.92). Data were analyzed using mean and standard deviation. The findings revealed that: 1) Experts rated the overall content and presentation quality of the developed vertical videos at a good level; 2) Viewers' perception of leisure-time skills after watching the videos was overall at a high level; and 3) Overall satisfaction with the developed content was at the highest level.

TEACHER DEVELOPMENT MODEL TOWARDS ACTIVE LEARNING, INTEGRATING THE PHILOSOPHY OF SUFFICIENCY ECONOMY FOR SCHOOLS UNDER PHUKET PRIMARY EDUCATIONAL SERVICE AREA OFFICE

Chanyapak Hinnoi — 2026-08-20

The research aimed to 1) study the teacher development process towards active learning integrating the philosophy of sufficiency economy for educational institutions, 2) create a model for teacher development towards active learning integrating the philosophy of sufficiency economy for educational institutions, and 3) validate the model for teacher development towards active learning integrating the philosophy of sufficiency economy for educational institutions. The research employed a mixed-methods approach in three phases: Phase 1 involved a sample of 266 teachers from the Phuket Primary Educational Service Area Office, with 15 key informants. The tools used were questionnaires and interviews. Statistical analysis included frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. Phase 2 involved drafting the teacher development model. Phase 3 involved expert-based seminars with 9 participants and focus group discussions with 9 participants. Content analysis was used to analyze the findings. The research results showed that 1) The teacher development process towards active learning integrating the philosophy of sufficiency economy consists of 5 steps: curriculum design, teacher development implementation, supervision and monitoring of teacher development, evaluation and reflection, and improvement and development. 2) The model for teacher development towards active learning integrating the philosophy of sufficiency economy in educational institutions consists of 5 components: the name of the model, the principles of the model, the objectives of the model, the methods of implementation of the model, and the conditions for success. 3) The results of the assessment of the suitability, feasibility, accuracy, and usefulness of the teacher development model for active learning integrating the philosophy of sufficiency economy for educational institutions had the highest average score in all aspects.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN INSTRUCTIONAL MODEL TO ENHANCE COMPETENCY IN MATHEMATICAL PROOF AMONG PRE-SERVICE MATHEMATICS TEACHERS

Sompon Puangsun — 2026-08-24

This research article aimed to 1) Develop an instructional model that enhances pre-service mathematics teachers’ competency in mathematical proof to be effective according to the 60/60 criterion and 2) Compare pre-service mathematics teachers’ competency in mathematical proof before and after learning through the developed instructional model. This research employed a quantitative approach. The sample for this research consisted of 12 first-year pre-service mathematics teachers at Rajabhat Rajanagarindra University during the second semester of the academic year 2024, selected by stratified random sampling. The research instruments included the developed instructional model, lesson plans based on the instructional model, and tests of competency in mathematical proof. The statistics used in this research comprised percentage, mean, standard deviation, and one-way repeated measures ANOVA. The research results revealed that 1) The instructional model designed to enhance pre-service mathematics teachers’ competency in mathematical proof consisted of four steps: Step 1: Reviewing previous experiences in mathematical proof. Step 2: Promoting competency in mathematical proof, which had four sub-steps (PARR cycle): preparation for proving, action on proving, repetition on proving with peers, and reflection and discussion from the proof. Step 3: Verifying competency in mathematical proof. Step 4: Critiquing mathematical proof for improvement. The efficiency of the instructional model was 61.24/61.40, which met the 60/60 criterion. Additionally, and 2) Pre-service mathematics teachers’ competency in mathematical proof after learning through the developed instructional model was higher than before learning, with statistical significance at the .05 level.

FACTORS INFLUENCING THE CULTURAL INTELLIGENCE OF MUSLIM STUDENTS IN UNIVERSITIES IN SOUTHERN THAILAND

Siwaporn Thawornwongsa — 2026-08-24

This study aimed to: 1) Investigate the factors influencing the cultural intelligence of Thai Muslim students, and 2) Propose guidelines for developing cross-cultural business learning that are appropriate for the context of students in Southern Thailand. A mixed-methods research design was employed. The quantitative phase collected data from 400 Thai Muslim undergraduate students enrolled in business-related programs at universities in Southern Thailand using a multistage sampling technique. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis. The qualitative phase involved in-depth interviews with 10 key informants, and the data were analyzed using content analysis. The findings revealed that the students reported high levels of religious identity, university support, cross-cultural experience, cultural adaptation, and cultural intelligence, with religious identity showing the highest mean score ( = 4.47, S.D. = 0.54). Multiple regression analysis indicated that cultural adaptation was the strongest predictor of cultural intelligence ( = .32), followed by university support ( = .27), cross-cultural experience ( = .25), and religious identity ( = .12). Together, these variables explained 55.1% of the variance in cultural intelligence (R² = .551). The qualitative findings identified five key approaches to enhancing cross-cultural business learning: 1) Promoting the preservation of religious identity, 2) Strengthening students' cultural adaptation through collaborative learning with peers from diverse cultural backgrounds, 3) Developing intercultural communication and teamwork skills, 4) Addressing challenges arising from cultural misunderstandings, and 5) Enhancing the role of universities in fostering cultural intelligence. The findings suggest that the development of cultural intelligence should be systematically promoted at the individual, instructional, and institutional levels to prepare graduates with cross-cultural business competencies for multicultural workplaces and the digital economy.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF READING COMPREHENSION SKILL BY USING ACTIVITY PACKAGES WITH BASED ON GAMIFICATION AND 6-STEPS LADDER TECHNIQUE FOR SECONDARY 1 STUDENTS AT PHUNPHINPITTAYAKOM SCHOOL

Napakan Wongdech — 2026-08-24

This research aimed to 1) Develop learning activity packages using the Six-Step Ladder Technique in combination with gamification, 2) Compare students’ reading comprehension skills before and after learning through the developed activity packages, and 3) Examine students’ satisfaction with the learning activities. The sample consisted of 40 Grade 7 students from Class 1/8 at Phunphinpittayakom school, selected through cluster random sampling. The research instruments included three learning activity packages, three lesson plans totaling nine hours, a reading comprehension skills test, and a satisfaction questionnaire. The instruments were validated by experts. The learning activity packages had a mean appropriateness score of 4.61. The lesson plans had a mean appropriateness score of 4.72 with a standard deviation of 0.42. The reading comprehension test had IOC values ranging from 0.60 to 1.00, item difficulty values ranging from 0.42 to 0.75, discrimination indices of 0.20 or higher, and a KR-20 reliability coefficient of 0.85. The data were analyzed using percentage, mean, standard deviation, efficiency value, effectiveness index, and paired-samples t-test. The findings revealed that 1) The learning activity packages had an efficiency of 83.58/84.66, which was higher than the 80/80 criterion, and an effectiveness index of 0.76; 2) Students’ post-test reading comprehension score 25.40 was significantly higher than their pre-test score 9.50 at the .05 level; and 3) students’ satisfaction with the learning activities was at the highest level ( = 4.65, S.D. = 0.42). These findings indicate that the developed learning activity packages effectively enhanced students’ reading comprehension skills and learning motivation.

APPLYING THE BUDDHIST PRINCIPLES FOUND IN THE TIROKUDDA SUTTA FOR IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF BUDDHISTS IN CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY

Phramaha Seksak Jantawangso (Thongon) — 2026-08-24

This research article aims to: 1) Examine concepts and theories regarding quality of life development; 2) Study Buddhist principles appearing in the Tirokudda Sutta; and 3) Apply the Buddhist principles from the Sutta to develop the quality of life of Buddhists in contemporary society. This study employs a qualitative research methodology based on documentary research, analyzing the Pali Canon (Tipitaka), its commentaries (Atthakatha), and contemporary academic literature. The research instruments consist of data recording forms and content analysis frameworks. Data were analyzed using content analysis and logical interpretation. The research findings indicate that: 1) Contemporary concepts of quality of life development focus on four dimensions physical, psychological, social, and intellectual whereas Buddhism emphasizes internal development through the Fourfold Development (Bhavana-4), encompassing the development of body, morality, mind, and wisdom. 2) The core Buddhist principles in the Tirokudda Sutta consist of four main aspects: Gratitude and Mutual Gratefulness (Katannutakatavedita), Moral Shame and Moral Dread (Hiri-Ottappa), the Three Bases of Meritorious Action (Bunyakariyavatthu-3), and the Six Principles of Cordiality (Saraniyadhamma-6). and 3) The key discovery is the synthesis and elevation of these Buddhist principles into a paradigm innovation designated as the HYBRID MODEL (H - Hiri & Ottappa, Y - Yoniso-manasikara, B - Behavioral & Belief Integration, R - Religious Innovation, D - Developmental Wisdom). This model functions as a mechanism to elevate internal conscience, mitigate structural isolation, and harmonize spiritual happiness with the modern scientific framework of The Spiritual D.O.S.E. Model. This body of knowledge can serve as a conceptual framework for developing the quality of life of Buddhists. Furthermore, it offers guidelines for policy formulation, educational management, and social development, demonstrating that Buddhist principles, ethics, and modern innovation can advance together as an effective tool to enhance the quality of life based on intrinsic human values.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF A STUDENT AFFAIRS MANAGEMENT MODEL FOR SCHOOLS IN THE NEXT DECADE UNDER THE SECONDARY EDUCATIONAL SERVICE AREA OFFICE NAKHON SI THAMMARAT

Sorawit Phetphumiphat — 2026-08-24

This study aimed to: 1) Examine the current conditions and administrative practices of student affairs management in educational institutions; 2) Develop a student affairs management model for educational institutions in the next decade; and 3) Assess the appropriateness and feasibility of the developed model. The study employed a multi-phase mixed-methods research design comprising three phases. Phase 1 focused on investigating the current conditions and administrative approaches to student affairs management. Data were collected from fourteen school administrators. Phase 2 involved developing a future-oriented student affairs management model for the next decade using the Ethnographic Delphi Futures Research (EDFR) technique. The IOC value was determined using five experts.Twenty-one experts with relevant knowledge and professional experience were purposively selected according to predefined criteria. Phase 3 consisted of focus group discussions with nine experts directly involved in student affairs administration in educational institutions. Data collection instruments included semi-structured interview protocols and focus group discussion records. Data were analyzed using content analysis, frequency, percentage, median, and interquartile range. 1) The current direction of student affairs management emphasizes student safety, the integration of technology to support student care, and the application of moral principles and modern administrative processes. Safety has emerged as an urgent policy priority and online threats. While student support systems and moral development are promoted, limitations in teachers’ skills remain. Consequently, schools have increasingly emphasized activities such as art, music, and sports as key tools for student development. 2) The model for student affairs management in educational institutions in the next decade, as derived from the research, is the "SAFED" Model. five key components 3) Evaluation results developed student affairs management model was found to be appropriate and feasible in all aspects. It was found to be appropriate and feasible ( = 4.81, S.D. = 0.53) and beneficial ( = 4.82, S.D. = 0.54).

DEVELOPING AN INTERNAL QUALITY ASSURANCE SYSTEM MODEL FOR EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN THE DIGITAL ERA FOR SUSTAINABILITY: CHOMTHONG SCHOOL

Wanphamaporn Atnasiao — 2026-08-25

The objectives of this research were 1) To study the problems, needs, and guidelines for developing an internal quality assurance system in the digital era for sustainability; 2) To develop an internal quality assurance system in the digital era for sustainability; 3) To implement an internal quality assurance system in the digital era for sustainability an internal quality assurance system in the digital era for sustainability; and 4) to evaluate the internal quality assurance system in the digital era for sustainability at Chomthong School. The research employed a mixed-methods approach. The research area was at Chomthong school. Key informants selected by purposive sampling for interviews were 15 informants and 70 informants for the questionnaire. Two types of research instruments were used consisting of an in-depth interview and data record and questionnaires. Data was analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and content analysis and summarized into issues. The research revealed that the problems and needs comprised policy, school quality assurance, information and digital, personnel and digital competence, curriculum, teaching, and assessment, and resources and infrastructure. The guidelines for developing an internal quality assurance system in the digital era for sustainability: Chomthong school consisted of setting educational standards for the educational institution; developing an educational management development plan focused on quality according to educational standards; implementing the educational management development plan; evaluating and monitoring the quality of education within the educational institution; following up the results of operations to ensure quality according to educational standards; and preparing a self-assessment report. 2) The model comprises principles, objectives, systems and mechanisms, evaluation, and conditions for success. 3) The five implementation results regarding policy and management, digital implementation of the PDCA quality cycle, information systems and technology, personnel participation and capacity building, and the outcomes and sustainability of an internal quality assurance system in the digital era were at the highest level ( = 4.70, S.D.= 0.45). The feasibility was at the highest level.

PARTICIPATORY CURRICULUM MANAGEMENT TO PROMOTE LEARNING FOR CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL NEEDS THE SPECIAL EDUCATION CENTER, LAMPHUN PROVINCE, THE OFFICE OF SPECIAL EDUCATION ADMINISTRATION

Chalermrat Pojaem — 2026-08-25

This research aimed to study 1) The current state and problems of participatory curriculum management, and 2) Guidelines for participatory curriculum management to promote learning for children with special needs at the Lamphun Special Education Center under the Special Education Bureau. The study was conducted in two phases. Phase 1 investigated the current state and problems by surveying opinions from administrators, multidisciplinary team members, teachers, and parents, comprising a total population of 200 people, with 199 respondents returning the questionnaire. The research instrument was a 5-point rating scale questionnaire, and data were analyzed using mean and standard deviation. Phase 2 proposed guidelines through an expert seminar with seven purposively selected experts. The research instruments included a focus group discussion guide, and data were analyzed using content analysis. The results showed that: 1) The overall current state and problems were practiced at a high level ( = 4.25, S.D. = 0.51). When considering each aspect, curriculum implementation had the highest mean at the highest level ( = 4.58, S.D. = 0.38), while supervision, monitoring, and evaluation of curriculum use had the lowest mean ( = 3.90, S.D. = 0.57), with administrators perceiving internal supervision as still practiced at a moderate level and requiring diverse supervisory formats; and 2) The guidelines for participatory curriculum management based on the PIE MODEL consisted of key components: P-Planning, I-Implementation, and E-Evaluation. These operated under four areas of curriculum management scope: planning, implementation, supervisory monitoring, and evaluation. It was driven through a systematic participatory process among administrators, multidisciplinary team members, teachers, and parents across four aspects: decision-making, operation, benefit-sharing, and evaluation. Applying these guidelines elevates individual education plans for special education centers or schools to sustainably promote learners' potential development.

DEVELOPMENT OF A HYBRID TOURISM MODEL TO PROMOTE COMMUNITY-BASED EXPERIENTIAL TOURISM: A CASE STUDY OF PHROM KHIRI DISTRICT, NAKHON SI THAMMARAT PROVINCE

Pornfar Sutthikhun — 2026-08-25

This research aimed to 1) Analyze the problems and potential of a hybrid tourism model, 2) Develop a hybrid tourism model, and 3) Evaluate the effectiveness of the developed model. The study employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach. The key informants consisted of stakeholders involved in tourism development, including 10 members of the Phrom Lok Tourism Club, 8 members of the Ban Nai Mong Tourism Group, and 100 tourists. The research instruments included document analysis, in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, field surveys, a model suitability evaluation form, and a tourist satisfaction questionnaire. Data were analyzed using content analysis, mean, and standard deviation. The findings revealed that Phrom Khiri District, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, possesses abundant tourism resources, including natural attractions, cultural heritage, local ways of life, indigenous wisdom, and agricultural resources, all of which have strong potential for developing experiential tourism activities. However, several challenges were identified, including insufficient integration among tourism activities, limited tourism marketing and promotion, and ineffective tourism management. The study developed the PHROM KHIRI Hybrid Tourism Experience Model, comprising ten key components: 1) Community participation, 2) Hybrid tourism activities, 3) Integration of tourism resources, 4) Tourism management, 5) Marketing and digital media, 6) Local wisdom learning, 7) tourist services and experiences, 8) Innovation for sustainable tourism, 9) Community networks and collaboration, and 10) Continuous evaluation and development. The model was evaluated by experts and was rated at the highest level of appropriateness. Following implementation in the study area, the overall satisfaction of tourists with the model was at the highest level ( = 4.72), while community satisfaction was also at the highest level ( = 4.65). The developed model effectively promotes community-based experiential tourism, enhances tourism potential, generates local income, strengthens community participation, and supports sustainable community development.

CAUSAL FACTORS INFLUENCING THE EFFICIENCY OF CONDOMINIUM JURISTIC PERSON MANAGEMENT IN THE BANGKOK METROPOLITAN REGION

Piyapong Boottree — 2026-08-25

This research article aims to 1) To examine the influence of the causal relationship model on the management efficiency of condominium juristic persons in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region. and 2) To validate the goodness-of-fit of the model with empirical data. This study employed a quantitative research design. The target population consisted of 2,579 presidents of condominium juristic persons in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region. The data collection instrument was a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire administered to a sample size of 440 respondents, selected through multi-stage and stratified random sampling techniques. Sample size determination was based on the criteria for Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis, which requires a sample size of at least 10 to 20 times the number of observed variables. Given that this study comprised 22 observed variables, a sample size of 440 participants was determined to be appropriate. Statistical data analysis was conducted using Structural Equation Modeling. The developed causal model is consistent with the empirical data. Namely: (²= 190.74, p-value = .120, ²/df = 169, RMSEA < .0017, RMR = .019, GFI = .96, AGFI = .94, NNFI = 1.00, CFI = 1.00) Furthermore, the findings indicated that the causal factors influencing management efficiency with overall means and standard deviations at a high level comprised five key variables: Organizational Climate ( = 3.99, S.D. = 0.34), Organizational Culture ( = 3.97, S.D. = 0.34), Motivation ( = 3.99, S.D. = 0.34), Transformational Leadership ( = 3.99, S.D. = 0.34), and Management Efficiency ( = 3.98, S.D. = 0.34) These results reflect that sustainably enhancing the management efficiency of condominium juristic persons cannot rely solely on developing individual-level factors, such as leadership or motivation, in isolation. Rather, it necessitates an integrated management approach that systematically harmonizes the driving of individual-level factors alongside the development of organizational-level factors.

GUIDELINES FOR PROMOTING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING OF THE PERSONAL DATA PROTECTION ACT 2019 (PDPA) AMONG CITIZENS IN SAI MAI DISTRICT, BANGKOK

Rattaset Chunha-Ampai — 2026-08-25

This mixed-methods research aimed to: 1) Examine the factors and the level of public knowledge and understanding of the Personal Data Protection Act B.E. 2562 (2019) among residents of Sai Mai District; 2) Compare the level of knowledge and understanding according to personal factors; 3) Analyze the relationship between supporting factors and the level of knowledge and understanding; and 4) propose guidelines for enhancing public knowledge and understanding of the law. Data were collected from 400 residents of Sai Mai District through questionnaires and from eight key informants through in-depth interviews. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test, one-way analysis of variance (One-way ANOVA), and Pearson’s correlation coefficient, while qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis. The findings revealed that the overall level of supporting factors for knowledge and understanding was low ( = 2.39, S.D. = 0.96), whereas the overall level of knowledge and understanding of the law was moderate ( = 2.84, S.D. = 0.75). The comparative analysis indicated that respondents with different ages and income levels demonstrated significantly different levels of knowledge and understanding at the .05 level. However, no statistically significant differences were found with respect to gender, domicile, educational attainment, or occupation. Correlation analysis showed that the supporting factors had a low positive relationship with knowledge and understanding regarding limitations on data collection and the use of personal data, but a low negative relationship with knowledge and understanding regarding data security measures. The qualitative findings indicated that multi-channel public communication, the use of clear and accessible language, proactive communication, improved access to information, and community participation were key mechanisms for enhancing public knowledge and awareness of legal rights under the Personal Data Protection Act. The findings can be utilized to support policy formulation and improve communication strategies for personal data protection, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of public awareness and legal compliance.

FACTORS AND A CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT MODEL FOR PUBLIC SECTOR PERSONNEL IN MIGRANT LABOR MANAGEMENT IN THE TAK SPECIAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ZONE, THAILAND

Punnada Songittisuk — 2026-08-25

This research aimed to: 1) Examine strategies and approaches for developing the capacity of public sector personnel in migrant labor management; 2) Analyze the factors affecting the efficiency of migrant labor management among public sector personnel; and 3) Develop a capacity development model for public sector personnel in the Tak Special Economic Development Zone, Thailand. This study employed a qualitative research design. Fifteen key informants, including government executives, operational officers, academics, and relevant stakeholders, were purposively selected. Data were collected through document analysis and in-depth interviews and analyzed using content analysis and qualitative synthesis. The findings revealed that 1) The most influential factor affecting the efficiency of migrant labor management was the lack of integrated information systems and digital technology among government agencies, resulting in operational delays and duplication. Public sector personnel also required competencies in migrant labor laws, cross-cultural communication, and inter-agency collaboration. 2) Capacity development should emphasize experiential learning, cross-cultural competencies, digital technology utilization, and systematic inter-agency cooperation. and 3) The findings led to the development of the TACAK Model, an integrated capacity development model comprising five components: Training and Legal Knowledge, Administrative Skill, Coordination Network, Attitude and Service Mind, and Knowledge Management and Digital System. The study contributes new knowledge by proposing the TACAK Model as a framework for developing the capacity of public sector personnel in border areas.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT, CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING, AND MATHEMATICAL ANALYTICAL THINKING SKILLS THROUGH COLLABORATIVE ACTIVE LEARNING ON LIMITS AND DERIVATIVES

Pinantana Singyabut — 2026-08-25

This research employed a one-group quasi-experimental design with three objectives: 1) To examine the learning achievement of first-year undergraduate students in the topics of limits and derivatives after participating in cooperative active learning, 2) To investigate students’ conceptual understanding and analytical thinking skills, and 3) to examine students’ satisfaction with the instructional approach. The sample consisted of 68 first-year undergraduate students, selected through purposive sampling from those enrolled in the General Mathematics course during the first semester of the 2025 academic year. The research instruments included cooperative active learning lesson plans integrating a three-stage instructional process (logical organization, peer interaction, and explanatory reflection), a learning achievement test, a conceptual understanding and analytical thinking assessment, and a student satisfaction questionnaire.
All instruments were validated by three experts, yielding Item-Objective Congruence (IOC) values ranging from 0.67 to 1.00, and demonstrated acceptable reliability coefficients ranging from 0.86 to 0.91. Data were analyzed using mean (), standard deviation (S.D.), and dependent samples t-test. The findings revealed that: 1) Post-learning achievement was significantly higher than pre-learning achievement at the .05 level; 2) Students achieved a very good level of conceptual understanding and analytical thinking skills ( = 3.85); and 3) Student satisfaction with the learning management was at a high level ( = 4.46). The results indicate that cooperative active learning integrating the three-stage instructional process effectively transformed the highly abstract concepts of limits and derivatives into concrete understanding and provided an effective approach for enhancing students’ mathematical skills.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF A MUSIC LEARNING MANAGEMENT MODEL TO CREATE SELF-DIRECTED LEARNING BEHAVIORS AMONG UPPER SECONDARY STUDENTS IN DEMONSTRATION SCHOOLS UNDER AUTONOMOUS STATE UNIVERSITIES

Pitiwat Intarasak — 2026-08-26

This research article forms part of a research and development study entitled "The Development of a Music Learning Management Model for Create Self-Directed Learning Behavior among Upper Secondary Students in Demonstration Schools Under Autonomous State Universities." The objectives were to 1) Examine the problematic conditions and needs, and 2) Develop an appropriate model, applying Knowles' concept of self-direction in conjunction with Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development theory. The research was conducted in two phases. In Phase 1, the population and sample consisted of 7 school administrators, 7 music teachers, and 368 upper secondary students. The research instruments were a five-point rating scale questionnaire (IOC = 0.67 - 1.00, = 0.92) and semi-structured in-depth interviews with 3 experts, to synthesize the model's underlying principles. In Phase 2, the model was developed and evaluated for quality through a focus group discussion with 5 experts, and an appropriateness evaluation form. The data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, the modified Priority Needs Index (PNI modified), and content analysis. The findings revealed that learners lacked autonomy in their learning, while the needs of all groups converged on promoting this behavior. Administrators showed the highest need for a self-directed learning planning policy (PNI = 1.240), teachers needed learners to seek knowledge sources and take notes (PNI = 0.550), and students needed self-assessment for development (PNI = 0.127). The developed model comprises a preparation stage and six main steps, namely: 1) Diagnose Needs, 2) Set Goals, 3) Plans, 4) Execute, 5) Standard Measurement, and 6) Reflective Communication. The experts unanimously rated the model's appropriateness at the highest level ( = 4.50 - 4.65, S.D. = 0.20 - 0.40). The recommendations are that class schedules be adjusted to facilitate individual consultation, that teachers be developed in employing learner analysis tools, and that reflective thinking be continuously promoted toward developing lifelong learners.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF A DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION LEADERSHIP MODEL FOR EXECUTIVES OF AUTONOMOUS UNIVERSITIES IN SOUTHERN THAILAND

Aniwat Kaewjomnong — 2026-08-26

The objectives of this research were: 1) To analyze the components of digital transformation leadership; 2) To develop a model of digital transformation leadership; and 3) To Examine and evaluate the model of digital transformation leadership for executives of autonomous universities in Southern. This study employed a research and development approach. The quantitative phase involved a sample of 400 personnel from three autonomous universities in Southern, selected through stratified random sampling. The research instrument was a questionnaire with a reliability coefficient of .957. The statistical techniques included test of variable relationship, Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity, eigenvalues, percentage of variance, and cumulative variance. The qualitative phase involved nine key informants who were personnel from autonomous universities in Southern, selected through purposive sampling. The research instruments included connoisseurship and focus group discussions, and analyzed using content analysis. The findings revealed that digital transformation leadership of university administrators consisted of eight components: digital-driven agility, digital culture development, digital literacy and competency, strategic resource and investment management, digital communication and ethical use of digital technologies, global digital branding and networking, visionary thinking and digital strategy, and outcomes of digital transformation. When developing an accurate and appropriate digital transformation leadership model for executives, consist of 6 components: the model's name, principles, objectives, elements, implementation process, and conditions for success. Regarding the validation and evaluation of the digital transformation leadership model for executives, it was found to be both feasible and beneficial.

INTEGRATED BUDDHIST-BCG COMMUNITY INNOVATION: A PARTICIPATORY ACTION RESEARCH ON SOCIAL VALUE CREATION IN COASTAL THAILAND

Phra Chonyanmuni . — 2026-08-26

This research aims to 1) Develop an integrated Buddhist-BCG community innovation framework and 2) Examine the mechanisms of community innovation and social value creation through participatory action research (PAR). The study was conducted in the coastal community of Chonburi Province, centered around Wat Uthokkhep Simaram, comprising 3 cycles over a 3-year period (2024 - 2026), covering 4 stakeholder groups totaling 155 participants, selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through a questionnaire measuring consumer satisfaction and marketing capability, in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and participant observation. Quantitative data were analyzed using paired t-test statistics, and qualitative data were analyzed through content analysis, together with an assessment of Social Return on Investment (SROI). The findings revealed that: 1) Regarding the integrated Buddhist-BCG innovation framework, integrating the Ditthadhammikattha-samvattanika-attha 4 principles, the BCG concept, and PAR together generated a “multi-dimensional integrated mechanism,” whereby Buddhist principles served as the behavioral-regulation mechanism, BCG served as the resource-transformation mechanism converting resources into value, and PAR served as the mechanism driving community learning and participation; and 2) Regarding the mechanisms for community innovation and social value creation, the three-cycle iterative development process led to a transition from surveying community problems and resources in Cycle 1, to co-creating and deciding on a cockle-shell-calcium-enriched herbal toothpaste innovation in Cycle 2, and elevating digital marketing linkages into a comprehensive community innovation system in Cycle 3. In terms of outcomes, the community's marketing capability increased from 1.16 to 4.08, average income rose by 20%, cockle shell waste decreased by 70%, consumer satisfaction remained at a high level (4.63), and the SROI value equaled 3.5, reflecting strong and measurable social value for money. This research proposes an “Integrated Transformation System” framework that clearly explains the mechanisms for creating economic, social, and environmental value in a concrete and sustainable manner.

DEVELOPMENT OF CREATIVE TOURISM INNOVATION BASED ON LOCAL MUAY THAI AND COMMUNITY WISDOM

Nueakwan Buaphuan — 2026-08-26

This research aimed to explore the potential of local Muay Thai, community wisdom, and local resources for developing creative tourism activities and to develop creative tourism innovation based on local Muay Thai and community wisdom in Thung Bo Paen Community, Lampang Province. A mixed-methods participatory research and development approach was employed. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and focus group discussions. Twenty-five key informants were purposively selected based on their roles and experience in local Muay Thai, community wisdom, community development, or tourism. The participants included Muay Thai instructors, community leaders, local scholars, community entrepreneurs, youth representatives, and tourism stakeholders. Data were analyzed using content analysis. The findings revealed that Thung Bo Paen Community possesses strong cultural capital, local wisdom, and community resources, with Khum Wong Tawan Muay Thai Camp serving as the central hub linking Muay Thai with herbal knowledge, agriculture, healthy local food, and indigenous wisdom. Tourism innovation was developed through community participation in designing tourism activities and routes, resulting in three learning bases: Khum Wong Tawan Muay Thai Camp, Thung Bo Paen Samakkhi Temple, and Uncle Samphan's Mushroom Farm. Additional outputs included a one-day community tourism program, a community tourism map, and a trilingual QR Code tourism guide in Thai, English, and Chinese. The study demonstrates that local Muay Thai can promote tourism, generate community income, foster experiential learning between visitors and local residents, and support the sustainable preservation of local wisdom and cultural identity.

PERCEPTIONS OF FAITH-BASED TOURISM INFORMATION AND BELIEFS OF TOURISTS IN NAKHON SI THAMMARAT PROVINCE

Patarawan Wangboonkong — 2026-08-26

This quantitative study employed a survey research design. Its objectives were: 1) To investigate tourists’ awareness of information concerning faith-based tourism and beliefs in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province; and 2) To examine the relationships between tourists’ demographic characteristics and their selection of faith-based tourism routes in the province; and 3. to examine the relationships between tourists’ demographic characteristics and public relations media channels. The sample comprised 400 tourists who had previously visited Nakhon Si Thammarat Province. Data were analyzed using frequencies, percentages, the chi-square test, and Cramér’s V. The findings revealed that tourists’ awareness of faith-based tourism and beliefs was concentrated around particular destinations. The Maha Setthi (Wealth and Prosperity) Route was predominantly associated with Wat Chedi (Ai Khai); the Maha Metta Maha Niyom (Charm and Popularity) and Maha Keji (Revered Masters) routes were predominantly associated with Wat That Noi (Phor Than Klai Wajasit); and the Maha Mongkhon (Auspicious) Route was predominantly associated with Wat Phra Mahathat Woramahawihan. The perceived sacredness of the destinations and ease of travel were important factors influencing tourists’ awareness and route selection. The principal information channels were Facebook, television, and word of mouth from family members, friends, and other close contacts. Income was the demographic variable most consistently associated with route selection and information channels, followed by educational attainment and age. These findings indicate that faith-based tourists may be segmented according to their economic capacity and social capital. By contrast, occupation exhibited relatively limited associations with tourism behavior. The findings can be applied to the development of targeted marketing and communication strategies for faith-based tourism, the dispersal of tourists across alternative routes to reduce concentration at major destinations, and the sustainable enhancement of the creative economy based on the cultural heritage and belief systems of Nakhon Si Thammarat Province.

PERANAKAN CUISINE: CULTURAL WISDOM GROUNDED IN THE MULTICULTURAL IDENTITY OF SATUN TOWN

Sireethorn Thawornwongsa — 2026-08-26

This research article aims to examine the cultural wisdom embedded in Peranakan cuisine within the multicultural context of Satun Province. It seeks to explain that Peranakan food in the multicultural setting of Satun Province is not merely a form of local cuisine belonging to any single ethnic group; rather, it constitutes a form of cultural capital that reflects the integration of Thai, Chinese, and Malay cultures in Satun. In addition, it serves as a mechanism for the transmission of identity and the maintenance of social relationships within the multicultural society of Satun Province. This study employed a qualitative research design in conjunction with a historical approach. Data were collected through documentary research, oral history, and fieldwork. Field data were gathered by means of in-depth interviews with 10 key informants and participant observation. Data collection continued until saturation was reached in order to obtain comprehensive information, which was then presented through descriptive analysis. The findings reveal that the wisdom of Peranakan cuisine in the multicultural context of Satun Province can be understood through five significant dimensions: 1) Wisdom related to ingredients, which integrates local resource bases; 2) Wisdom related to cooking techniques and the intergenerational transmission of recipes within households; 3) Wisdom related to taste, reflecting the cultural blending of Chinese, Malay, and Southern Thai local traditions; 4) Wisdom related to customs and rituals; and 5) Wisdom related to the construction of contemporary multicultural Satun identity. Peranakan cuisine, therefore, constitutes an intangible cultural heritage grounded in the multicultural identity of Satun, while also fostering pride among younger Peranakan generations in preserving and further developing the wisdom of their ancestors.

POLICY ADMINISTRATION OF LIFELONG LEARNING IN THE DIGITAL ERA: THE ROLE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN ENHANCING THAI EDUCATION QUALITY

Nattapong Choommongkol — 2026-08-20

The transition into the digital era has significantly impacted the structure, quality, and equity of Thai education. Lifelong learning and non-formal education have thus been elevated
as essential concepts for human capital development and enhancing global competitiveness. This article focuses on analyzing the roles of lifelong learning, digital technology, and policy-oriented public administration in improving the quality of Thai education to align with international standards and the demands of modern society. The study employs a literature review and synthesizes data from both domestic and international research and policy reports, linking lifelong learning with the integration of digital technology to create new value, transform mindsets
and practices, and foster innovation, while applying public administration frameworks for comprehensive analysis. The findings reveal that lifelong learning serves as a crucial mechanism for human capital development, requiring flexible and inclusive non-formal education systems. Digital technologies such as artificial intelligence, open online course repositories, and immersive interactive learning tools have driven transformative changes in education and expanded equitable learning opportunities, though challenges of digital inequality remain. Meanwhile, public administration and public policy play a vital role in shaping educational directions by integrating legislation, national strategies, and qualification frameworks to establish sustainable learning systems. Policy recommendations emphasize that Thai education should integrate lifelong learning, the digital era, and public administration to build a high-quality, equitable, and sustainable education system capable of addressing future economic and social transformations.

THE 5 PILLARS OF RESILIENCE: STRATEGIES FOR DRIVING HATYAI CITY TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE MODEL OF A DISASTER-LITERATE AGING SOCIETY

Chadchom Ratsameemonthon — 2026-08-25

The flood disaster in Hat Yai City highlights the structural limitations of top-down, reactive disaster management, which fails to adequately address crisis situations within the context of an ageing society-particularly regarding the care of older adults and vulnerable populations. This article proposes a paradigm shift from traditional rescue operations to community-driven collaboration by integrating Thailand's 5-Dimensional Health Pillar System, Japan's "Kyo-jo" (mutual assistance) concept, and Singapore's "Whole-of-Society" framework. This model operates through five key strategies: 1) Deploying a proactive smart health registry to prioritize evacuations; 2) Establishing neighborhood resilience funds to mitigate economic impacts; 3) Upgrading temporary shelters based on Universal Design principles to accommodate vulnerable groups; 4) Developing hybrid alert systems to bridge the digital divide and maintain functionality during power outages; and 5) Creating a "Guardian Buddy" network that transforms older adults from passive care recipients into proactive agents of community safety. By leveraging the capacity of physically active seniors (approximately 97% of the older population) to assist homebound and bedridden peers, this approach transitions disaster management from a reactive framework to a proactive, flexible, and adaptive operation. Policy recommendations urge Hat Yai Municipality to drive the strategy "Hat Yai Model: A Digital City with a Caring Heart" by integrating health data, technology, and age-friendly urban planning to build a sustainable safety ecosystem. Elevating the role of communities and older adults toward proactive measures during the critical "Golden Hour" will reduce the grass-roots "survival gap," restore the dignity of older adults, and establish a foundational model for urban centers prepared to withstand future disaster crises.

INTEGRATING BHAVANA 4 AND ACCEPTANCE AND COMMITMENT THERAPY TO ENHANCE QUALITY OF LIFE FOR DEMENTIA PATIENTS

Auamporn Prasertsuk — 2026-08-26

Dementia is a global public health challenge that severely impacts the quality of life of both patients and caregivers across physical, psychological, and social dimensions. The number of patients worldwide has increased from 55 million in 2020 and is projected to reach 139 million by 2050, while Thailand has approximately 770,000 patients, with projections indicating a rise to 2.4 million by 2050. Patients commonly experience progressive cognitive decline, depression, and loss of independence in daily living, while caregivers bear substantial physical and emotional burdens, placing them at risk of burnout. Although no definitive cure exists, holistic care encompassing physical, psychological, social, and spiritual dimensions represents a crucial pathway to enhancing quality of life for all involved. This article aims to explore the integration of Buddhist Bhavana 4 principles - comprising physical development (Kayabhavana), moral development (Silabhavana), mental development (Cittabhavana), and wisdom development (Pannabhavana) - with Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), which enhances psychological flexibility through six core processes: Acceptance, Cognitive Defusion, Being Present, Self-as-Context, Values, and Committed Action, to improve the quality of life for dementia patients and their caregivers. The study revealed that both frameworks share commonalities in promoting mindfulness, accepting reality, and values-guided living. Their integration yields complementary applications: Kayabhavana combined with Committed Action promotes consistent physical self-care; Silabhavana combined with Values fosters ethical and appropriate behaviors; Cittabhavana combined with Acceptance, Defusion, and Being Present facilitates effective management of negative emotions and thoughts; and Pannabhavana combined with Self-as-Context builds understanding of the disease and preserves self-worth. This integrative approach enables patients and caregivers to face the challenges of dementia with greater psychological flexibility, sustainably reduce suffering, maintain human dignity, and enhance quality of life. This holistic framework, synthesizing Eastern and Western wisdom, represents a promising model for aging societies at both national and international levels.