Journal of MCU Nakhondhat https://so03.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/JMND <p> วารสารมหาจุฬานาครทรรศน์ ISSN: 3027-8597 (Online) เป็นวารสารวิชาการของมหาวิทยาลัยมหาจุฬาลงกรณราชวิทยาลัย วิทยาเขตนครศรีธรรมราช มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อส่งเสริมการศึกษาค้นคว้าและเผยแพร่บทความวิจัยและบทความวิชาการแก่นักวิจัย นักวิชาการ คณาจารย์และนักศึกษา ในมิติเพื่อสนับสนุนการศึกษา การสอน การวิจัยในมหาวิทยาลัยมหาจุฬาลงกรณราชวิทยาลัย โดยเน้นสาขาวิชาพุทธศาสนา บริหารการศึกษา ปรัชญา จิตวิทยา การพัฒนาชุมชม การพัฒนาสังคม นิติศาสตร์ รัฐศาสตร์ รัฐประศาสนศาสตร์ ภาษาศาสตร์ การจัดการสาธารณะ การศึกษาเชิงประยุกต์ รวมถึงสหวิทยาการอื่น ๆ อาทิ วิทยาศาสตร์สุขภาพ หรือ การพยาบาล<br /> บทความที่ตีพิมพ์เผยแพร่ในวารสารได้ผ่านการพิจารณาจากผู้ทรงคุณวุฒิ อย่างน้อย 2 ท่าน ในลักษณะปกปิดรายชื่อ (Double blind) เปิดรับบทความภาษาไทย โดยรับพิจารณาตีพิมพ์ต้นฉบับของบุคคลทั้งภายในและภายนอกมหาวิทยาลัย ผลงานที่ส่งมาจะต้องไม่เคยเสนอหรือกำลังเสนอตีพิมพ์ในวารสารวิชาการใดมาก่อน<br /> ทัศนะและข้อคิดเห็นที่ปรากฏในบทความ มิใช่ความคิดของคณะผู้จัดทำ และมิใช่ความรับผิดชอบของวารสาร คณะบรรณาธิการไม่สงวนลิขสิทธิ์ในการคัดลอก แต่ให้อ้างอิงแสดงที่มา</p> <p><strong>Journal of MCU Nakhondhat Publication frequency : 12 issues per year</strong> (Monthly)*</p> <table width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td width="32%"> <p>Issue 1 January</p> </td> <td width="35%"> <p>Issue 2 February</p> </td> <td width="31%"> <p>Issue 3 March</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="32%"> <p>Issue 4 April</p> </td> <td width="35%"> <p>Issue 5 May</p> </td> <td width="31%"> <p>Issue 6 June</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="32%"> <p>Issue 7 July </p> </td> <td width="35%">Issue 8 August </td> <td width="31%">Issue 9 September</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="32%"> <p><span class="VIiyi" lang="en"><span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b" data-language-for-alternatives="en" data-language-to-translate-into="th" data-phrase-index="8" data-number-of-phrases="9">Issue 10 October </span></span></p> </td> <td width="35%"><span class="VIiyi" lang="en"><span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b" data-language-for-alternatives="en" data-language-to-translate-into="th" data-phrase-index="8" data-number-of-phrases="9">Issue 11 November </span></span></td> <td width="31%"><span class="VIiyi" lang="en"><span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b" data-language-for-alternatives="en" data-language-to-translate-into="th" data-phrase-index="8" data-number-of-phrases="9">Issue 12 December</span></span></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> สำนักวิชาการ มหาวิทยาลัยมหาจุฬาลงกรณราชวิทยาลัย วิทยาเขตนครศรีธรรมราช en-US Journal of MCU Nakhondhat 3027-8597 HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT AND 5.0 ERA MARKETING https://so03.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/JMND/article/view/282975 <p>This article presents concepts related to human capital and strategies for human capital development in business organizations, particularly in the context of Marketing 5.0, where technology plays a crucial role in enhancing organizational capabilities and competitiveness. Human capital is considered a key resource that contributes to adding value and productivity within organizations and supports long-term economic sustainability. Modern marketing emphasizes the use of digital technology to improve efficiency in reaching customers, which requires employees with advanced digital and information skills. Organizations must invest in developing employees' knowledge and skills to meet the rapidly changing customer demands in the 5.0 era. Human capital development strategies within organizations include training, further education, coaching, job rotation, and participation in professional activities, all aimed at enhancing employees' capabilities and boosting organizational potential to adapt to market changes. Human capital also connects with other forms of capital, such as structural capital, social capital, and intellectual capital, which collectively support organizational operations effectively. The new insight from this article is the integration of human capital and digital technology in creating sustainable strategies. Organizations should integrate tangible resources, such as financial and structural capital, with intangible resources, like human and intellectual capital. Investing in human capital to enhance employees' potential through skill development and creating a learning and innovation-friendly environment is crucial for organizations aiming to strengthen sustainability and competitive advantage.</p> Sorada Pahuwattanakorn Jamnean Joungtrakul Trakul Chitwattanakorn Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of MCU Nakhondhat https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 2025-01-06 2025-01-06 12 1 1 13 CHANGING CONSUMER BEHAVIOR AND PURCHASING DECISIONS IN THE DIGITAL AGE https://so03.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/JMND/article/view/283284 <p>This article aims to present the differences in what entrepreneurs need to plan a new sales plan. Supports the concept between traditional purchasing decision behavior and purchasing decision behavior in the digital era, which Compared to traditional marketing, digital marketing is found to be Can lead the business to reach a wider target audience Helps build brand awareness Stimulating product sales to specific existing and new target groups. In this regard, the author would like to point out that traditional purchasing decisions and purchasing decisions in the digital era are different. The concept of consumer behavior requires entrepreneurs to find answers among target customers about what the customers want to buy. Why do consumers decide to buy? Who is involved in decision making? When do consumers buy? Where do consumers buy? Once you have a clear answer, you will then design a marketing program to match the answer obtained from the analysis. As for the concept of purchasing decision behavior in the digital age It is necessary to study online consumer behavior and consumer acceptance of technology. There are 6 important variables consisting of: Online cognitions, online emotions, online entertainment, flow, Online Attitudes and purchase intentions The entrepreneur or seller must prepare a website. Or a platform or application that is responsive, such as easy to use, fun to use, and creates enjoyment. Attract attention to demand for continuous use. Provides better value than buying in the original form and there is a guarantee of the product and consumers believe in what other customers give their opinion Rather than believing the advertisements that the business produces, therefore, it must be important to continuously present reviews from previous customers.</p> Worraseth Supunpong Teepakorn Sungthong Boonsan Tharathueke Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of MCU Nakhondhat https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 2025-01-16 2025-01-16 12 1 79 89 DYNAMIC OF BANGPHO: FROM OLD RIVERFRONT COMMUNITY TO WOOD STREET https://so03.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/JMND/article/view/283228 <p>This academic article aims to study and analyze the formation and transformation of Bang Pho into a timber trading district across different periods, focusing on factors driving these changes. The study is divided into three significant periods. During the early Rattanakosin period (1782 - 1851), settlements along rivers and canals were established by diverse ethnic and religious groups, creating communities characterized by cultural diversity. These communities relied heavily on waterways as their primary transportation routes. The mid-Rattanakosin period (1851 - 1932) witnessed economic transformation spurred by the Bowring Treaty, which led to significant trade-driven growth. This period saw advancements in land and water transportation and the introduction of Western technologies in the wood industry, resulting in expanded employment opportunities and migration from rural areas. Communities began clustering around temples and other religious landmarks, reflecting the growing significance of these spaces. From the reign of King Rama VII to the present (1932 - present), political and governance changes reshaped urban dynamics. The timber trade hub moved from Wat Saket to Bang Pho following a major fire, and skilled woodworkers congregated in Bang Pho. Additionally, zoning laws regulating industrial activities facilitated the relocation of wood-related industries to the area. The Prachanaruemit Alley community transitioned from agriculture to commerce and small-scale furniture production, culminating in the establishment of Bang Pho as a prominent timber trading district. The study concludes that key factors influencing the evolution of Bang Pho include physical changes such as shifts in settlement patterns and transportation development, as well as political and governance policies that have significantly impacted the community's social and economic landscape.</p> Manintra Tumkosit Anucha Pangkesorn Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of MCU Nakhondhat https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 2025-01-20 2025-01-20 12 1 90 99 APPLICATION OF THE SEVEN PRINCIPLES OF SAPPAYA TO PROMOTE THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF THE ELDERLY https://so03.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/JMND/article/view/283285 <p>Currently, Thailand has completely entered into an aging society. This is because factors such as population structure, economics, society, politics, and technological progress have come to play a role in the quality of life of Thai people. Especially the quality of life of the elderly society. Economic and social progress This causes the population structure and lifestyle of Thai people to change as well. Quality of life of the elderly is that the elderly is satisfied with their daily life appropriately in 4 areas: physical health, mental health, social relationships. and environmental. The seven principles of Sappaya include: 1) Arvas Sappaya, a comfortable place to live; 2) Kojara Sappaya, the village is comfortable; 3) Passa Sappaya, words that are comfortable; 4) Pukkala Sappaya, the person is comfortable. 5) Phochana Sappaya, Food is comfortable. 6) Utu Sappaya, the weather is comfortable, and 7) Iriyapatha Sappaya, the posture is comfortable. Application of the Seven principles of Sappaya to apply in real life of the elderly, especially both physically and mentally which is an important aspect for the elderly. That is, applying Dhamma principles to the lives of the elderly which in daily life. All 7 comforts must be taken into account, which is to get a suitable place for relaxation. Traveling is convenient. Negotiating with people who want, having friends who think about helping and supporting each other, having food that you can eat without getting bored, having pleasant weather or atmosphere and having done the physical exercise whether it is standing, walking, sitting, or lying down appropriately, it is one option that will ultimately give the elderly a better quality of life.</p> Phrapalad Nattapon Moonthong Phrakru Wijitsreerajal . Phrakru Kositwattananukul . Sitthichok Panasree Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of MCU Nakhondhat https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 2025-01-20 2025-01-20 12 1 123 131 ANALYSIS AND CREATION OF EXERCISES FROM SONGS LAGRIMA OF FRANCISCO TARREGA ON CLASSICAL GUITAR https://so03.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/JMND/article/view/283605 <p>Academic article on analysis and creation of exercises from Francisco Tarrega's Lagrima on classical guitar. The researchers studied the following issues: 1) Research and find information on the songs and their composer, Francisco Tárrega. He was a renowned Spanish classical guitarist and composer of the Romantic period. Tárrega has composed many compositions, ranging from basic systems that beginners can study and practice on the classical guitar to more complex pieces. Tárrega also invented the rest stroke and the classical guitar playing position by placing the left leg on the left leg instead of the leg rest. The classical guitar on the player's left leg has been a popular playing position up until now. 2) Analyze the song in detail on the following points: 2.1) Analysis of Harmony of Notes and Chord Progressions, 2.2) Analyze the Melodic Line, and 3) Perspectives on interpreting music as a performer, including various techniques in the song. The compositional and performance techniques and various musical theories take the knowledge gained from studying and develop it further into five exercises. The author has analyzed and synthesized this song from observations of the artists who performed it and focus group discussions with classical guitar instructors, including the participation of classical guitar students from years 1 - 4. Using the aforementioned exercises will further develop teaching methods and increase skills and agility in playing classical guitar for students of classical guitar courses and those interested in playing classical guitar.</p> Sippapas Tanjana Pattanakorn Hunlakit Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of MCU Nakhondhat https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 2025-01-22 2025-01-22 12 1 162 173 AN ANALYSIS OF ERRORS IN THE USAGE OF PUNCTUATION MARKS IN ESSAY WRITING https://so03.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/JMND/article/view/283220 <p>This article aims to 1) Analyze errors in the usage of punctuation marks in students' essay writing, 2) Analyze types of errors in the usage of punctuation marks in students' essay writing, and 3) Find ways to develop English writing skills and punctuation marks for students. The sample consisted of 21 second-year English students from Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences at Valaya Alongkorn Rajabhat University under Royal Patronage. Data were collected from essays written on the topic of "My Goal", and then analyzed for 11 types of punctuation marks. The study found a total of 109 punctuation errors in students' essay. The most common error found in the first rank was the comma, the second was the period/full stop, and the third was the semicolon. Based on the findings, the researcher provided guidelines for improving English skills, especially writing skills, and recommended incorporating content on the influence of the first language on learning a second language and the differences between Thai and English in the early stages of learning English. The reason for this is that Thai and English have different structures, which can cause confusion and unfamiliarity among learners. In addition, teachers should include exercises, provide additional training, and emphasize the teaching of writing mechanisms, of which punctuation marks are an important part. These guidelines may help learners gain more knowledge and understanding about punctuation marks usage and provide more opportunities for writing practice to reduce writing errors or eliminate them entirely, which will lead to clear and correct communication.</p> Sukontha Foosuwan Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of MCU Nakhondhat https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 2025-01-08 2025-01-08 12 1 14 24 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ADMINISTRATIVE SKILLS OF EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION ADMINISTRATORS AND OPERATIONS ACCORDING TO THE EDUCATIONAL QUALITY ASSURANCE SYSTEM WITHIN EDUCATIO NAL INSTITUTIONSOF SCHOOLS UNDER THE SECONDARY EDUCATION SERVICE AREA OFFICE BANGKOK 2 https://so03.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/JMND/article/view/281866 <p>The objectives of this research were 1) To study administrative skills of educational institution administrators of schools under the Secondary Education Service Area Office Bangkok 2 2) To study operations according to the educational quality assurance system within educational institutions of schools under the Secondary Education Service Area Office Bangkok 2 and <br />3) To study relationship between administrative skills of educational institution administrators of schools under the Secondary Education Service Area Office Bangkok 2. This is a quantitative research study using simple random sampling to obtain a sample group of 378 teachers. A questionnaire was used as a data collection tool, and the data were analyzed using statistical methods including frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and Pearson's correlation coefficient. The results have shown as followed, 1) Administrative skills of educational institution administrators of schools under the Secondary Education Service Area Office Bangkok 2 were at a moderate level (<img id="output" src="https://latex.codecogs.com/svg.image?\bar{x}" alt="equation" /> = 3.49). When considering individual aspects, the technical skills had the highest average (<img id="output" src="https://latex.codecogs.com/svg.image?\bar{x}" alt="equation" /> = 4.01), while human skills had the lowest average (<img id="output" src="https://latex.codecogs.com/svg.image?\bar{x}" alt="equation" /> = 2.53); 2) Operations according to the educational quality assurance system within educational institutions of schools under the Secondary Education Service Area Office Bangkok 2 was generally at a high level (<img id="output" src="https://latex.codecogs.com/svg.image?\bar{x}" alt="equation" /> = 4.19). Among the individual aspects, the development of educational management plans aimed at quality according to educational standards had the highest average (<img id="output" src="https://latex.codecogs.com/svg.image?\bar{x}" alt="equation" /> = 4.22), while the evaluation and inspection of the quality of education within schools had the lowest average (<img id="output" src="https://latex.codecogs.com/svg.image?\bar{x}" alt="equation" /> = 4.13); and 3) There was a very strong positive correlation (r = 0.819) between the management skills of school administrators and the implementation of the internal quality assurance system in schools under the Bangkok Metropolitan Secondary Educational Service Area Office, District 2.</p> Phornpavee Kasa Vassiga Rumakhom Jitiyaporn Chaowarakul Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of MCU Nakhondhat https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 2025-01-08 2025-01-08 12 1 25 35 FACTOR ASSOCIATED WITH ASSESSING THE SERVICE QUALITY OF PRIMARY CARE UNITS ACCORDING TO THE QUALITY MANUAL FOR PRIMARY HEALTH SERVICE STANDARDS A.D. 2023 IN CHIANG MAI PROVINCE https://so03.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/JMND/article/view/282814 <p>The aims of this research were to study: 1) The evaluating service quality of primary care units according to the quality manual for primary health service standards A.D. 2023 in Chiang Mai Province. 2) The factors related to the evaluating service quality of primary care units according to the quality manual for primary health service standards A.D. 2023 in Chiang Mai Province. This research was Mixed Methods Research, collecting data in primary care units and primary care unit networks, both under and outside the Ministry of Public Health, Chiang Mai Province, a total of 313 locations and in-depth interviews with 40 people. The research instruments used were the Primary Health Care Service Standard Quality Assessment Form 2023, which has 8 dimensions, a total score of 272 points, and a structured interview form. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression statistics to find factors related to the results of the primary health care service standard quality assessment of primary care units. Qualitative data analysis used content analysis. The results of the study show that a total of 297 service units (94.90 percent) passed the evaluation; the average total score was 246.18 points. The location of the service unit and its affiliation were related factors to the results of the factors related to the evaluating service quality of primary care units according to the quality manual for primary health service standards A.D. 2023 in Chiang Mai Province. These were 45.438 times (95% CI 5.074, 406.486), 4.076 times (95% CI 1.035, 16.054), and 0.179 times (95% CI 0.048, 0.660), respectively. Conclusion: The location and affiliation of the primary health care unit are factors that are taken into consideration while evaluating the quality of primary health care service standards, as stated in the 2023 Primary Health Care Service Quality Standards Manual, Chiang Mai Province.</p> Sakorn Chaiammart Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of MCU Nakhondhat https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 2025-01-14 2025-01-14 12 1 36 47 YOUTH DEVELOPMENT WITH NOVICE ORDINATION ACTIVITY OF BAN NGONKHAM PRIEST’S HOUSE, NAMTANG SUB-DISTRICT, SRI MUEANG MAI DISTRICT, UBON RATCHATHANI PROVINCE https://so03.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/JMND/article/view/283219 <p>The objectives of this thesis are as follows: 1) To study youth development through novice ancestral activities 2) To study youth development through novice ancestral activities of Ban Nhong Kham Monastery. 3) To analyze the development of youth with the activities of novice ancestors of Ban Nhong Kham Monastery, Nam Rod Subdistrict, Si Mueang Mai District, Ubon Ratchathani Province. Research papers, It is a documentary research by searching for information from Tripitaka, academic texts, research results, articles related to summer paleontology moral and ethical development is then analyzed for content data and conclusions of research. Youth development through novice ancestral activities Development means making it more prosperous. There are step-by-step changes to satisfactory conditions through various processes and methods that are used as tools to develop youth. Principles in Buddhism It is very suitable for use. In order to develop children and youth in the changing conditions of a rapidly growing society. Attending novice ancestral activities is an opportunity for children and youth to develop themselves and change themselves for the better. Age-appropriate behavior After studying and practicing the principles of the Buddhist Dharma. Children and youth are cautious, physical, verbal, humble, organized, disciplined, and have discretion to choose to consume news from online media that presents useful information and does not benefit society. Children and youth who participate in ancestral activities are also known as inheritors of Buddhism and religious heirs in their hometowns.</p> Phra Wanpongnarin Wajarayano Phattharachai Utapan Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of MCU Nakhondhat https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 2025-01-14 2025-01-14 12 1 48 57 EMPLOYEE ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT IN LOCAL ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANIZATIONS IN PHROMGURI DISTRICT, SING BURI PROVINCE https://so03.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/JMND/article/view/283604 <p>This research aimed to 1) Examine the organizational commitment of employees in local administrative organizations in Phrombuuri District, Sing Buri Province, 2) Compare the organizational commitment of these employees based on individual demographic factors in Phromburi District, Sing Buri Province 3) Investigate the impact of job characteristics on organizational commitment, and 4) Analyze the influence of the work environment on organizational commitment in Phromburi District, Sing buri Province. The study employs a quantitative research design. The sample was the entire population of personnel of local government organizations in Phromburi District, 170 people. A questionnaires was used as the research instrument. Statistical analysis was conducted using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, F-test, t-test, correlation coefficient analysis, and hypothesis testing through multiple regression analysis. The results revealed that 1) The level of organizational commitment among employees in local administrative organization personnel in Phromburi District was high 2) There were no significant no significant differences in organizational commitment, 3) Job characteristics had a positive and singnificant impact on organizational commitment at a high level, with an R Square value of .432 and 4) The work environment positively influenced organizational commitment at a high level, with an R Square value of .538<strong>.</strong></p> Nattawat Siriphornwut Surapron Simakul Charoen Srisasalak Chawadee Koson Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of MCU Nakhondhat https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 2025-01-14 2025-01-14 12 1 58 67 DEVELOPMENT OF A PROACTIVE PSYCHOSOCIAL THERAPY PROGRAM FOR THE KAO WAN MAI CLINIC FOR TREATING DRUG ADDICTS IN NADEE DISTRICT, PRACHINBURI PROVINCE https://so03.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/JMND/article/view/282865 <p>This research and development aimed to 1) Study the current issues in drug addiction treatment and identify the essential needs for developing a proactive psychosocial therapy program, 2) Develop a proactive psychosocial therapy program, and 3) Evaluate the effectiveness of the proactive psychosocial therapy program at the Kao Wan Mai Clinic, Nadi Hospital, Prachinburi Province. This study utilizes a research and development approach, utilizing a mixed-methods research methodology. The key informants comprised 9 individuals, including hospital administrators, nurses at the Kao Wan Mai Clinic, patients undergoing treatment, related personnel, and staff from agencies involved in drug prevention and control. The sample also included 323 residents of Nadi District who received services at Nadi Hospital, Prachinburi. Experts involved include 10 individuals from Nadi Hospital's administration, personnel from the Ministry of Public Health, community leaders, and police officers, along with 30 patients receiving drug addiction treatment. Qualitative data was analyzed using content analysis, and quantitative data was analyzed through frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. Need assessment was conducted using the PNI index, and hypotheses were tested by comparing means to predefined criteria. The results showed: 1) Drug addiction treatment faces challenges in communication and participation. Key needs for development include enhancing communication effectiveness and fostering participation. 2) The proactive psychosocial therapy program consists of six steps rated highly suitable, feasible, beneficial, and accurate. and 3) The overall well-being of patients receiving treatment was high (µ = 4.28, S.D. = .490). Hypothesis testing results indicate that patients undergoing addiction treatment have a high level of well-being.</p> Tutiyaporn Konsanthad Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of MCU Nakhondhat https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 2025-01-16 2025-01-16 12 1 68 78 THE ENHANCEMENT OF EMPATHY AMONG UPPER PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS THROUGH GUIDANCE ACTIVITIES https://so03.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/JMND/article/view/283693 <p>This research aimed to 1) Compare the empathy levels of upper primary school students before and after participating in guidance activities and 2) Compare the empathy levels of upper primary school students between an experimental group participating in the guidance activities and a control group. The study employed a quasi-experimental design, with a research sample of Grade 6 students from a private school during the first semester of the 2024 academic year. The selection criteria were: students must have empathy scores at or below the 50th percentile, students must voluntarily agree to participate in the experiment, and students must have obtained parental consent. Twenty students were selected and randomly assigned into two groups: 10 for the experimental group and 10 for the control group. The research instruments included an empathy measurement scale for upper primary students, with a reliability coefficient of .90 and a set of guidance activities designed to enhance empathy, with an instrument quality value of 1.00. Statistical analyses utilize mean scores, standard deviations, and t-tests for dependent and independent samples. The findings revealed that 1) The students' post-test empathy scores significantly increased at the .05 level after participating in the guidance activities, and 2) The experimental group demonstrated significantly higher empathy scores than the control group at the .05 level.</p> Pornpimon Charoenaksornkul Monthira Charupheng Patcharaporn Srisawat Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of MCU Nakhondhat https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 2025-01-20 2025-01-20 12 1 100 111 THE USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) APPLICATIONS FOR VOCABULARY LEARNING AMONG THAI UNIVERSITY STUDENTS: A CASE STUDY https://so03.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/JMND/article/view/280517 <p>This study aimed to explore the use of artificial intelligence applications in vocabulary learning among university students, to study the frequency and patterns of use, and to analyze their attitudes and opinions toward vocabulary learning applications. This was a classroom research study using questionnaires and asking for the cooperation of business English major students. Data collection was conducted in April 2024. Out of 40 students, 31 (72.22%) participated in the study, all of whom provided informed consent to participate in the study. The collected data were statistically and content-based analyzed. The results showed that AI applications were widely used among this group of students. In terms of vocabulary learning, the majority of students, 83.80 percent, regularly used these tools. This proportion demonstrates the important role of these AI applications in daily learning routines. The data also indicated that AI tools were mostly used to find new words, practicing pronunciation, and understand words that often appear together, collocation, which showed its effectiveness in enhancing the language learning process. In addition, students expressed positive attitudes towards the AI ​​application, citing its convenience, speed, and effectiveness in developing language skills. Most students were aware of the need to verify the accuracy of the data or answers provided by AI, and teachers still play a role in advising students on their learning. However, there were also concerns about its reliability and the need for supplementary traditional learning methods. Overall, this study contributes to the understanding of how AI technologies are used in language education contexts, highlighting the benefits and challenges as perceived and viewed by Thai university students.</p> Janpha Thadphoothon Juthamat Samrit Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of MCU Nakhondhat https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 2025-01-20 2025-01-20 12 1 112 122 PRODUCTION COST ANALYSIS AND PRODUCT PRICING, CORN SHELL PRODUCER COMMUNITY ENTERPRISES GROUP, KAMPHAENG PHET PROVINCE https://so03.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/JMND/article/view/283729 <p>This research article aims to 1) Study the production problems faced by the community enterprise group producing corn husk krathongs. 2) Analyze production costs and production returns for the community enterprise group producing corn husk krathongs, and 3) Set product prices and plan appropriate profits to produce the community enterprise group producing corn husk krathongs. This is qualitative research. The sample group consists of 11 members from the community enterprise producing krathongs from corn husks in Lan Dok Mai Tok Subdistrict, Kosamphi Nakhon District, Kamphaeng Phet Province. The sample was selected through purposive sampling. The research instrument used was a structured interview. Structured interviewFocus Group Observation method, data collection through in-depth interviews, observation, and focus group discussions, data analysis using descriptive statistics. The research findings revealed that the issues identified include the lack of accounting records for production costs and the incorrect calculation of costs. This has resulted in inappropriate product pricing and profit planning. The cost of producing corn husk krathongs for one month is 2,000 pieces, with a product price of 45 baht each. This includes direct materials costing 17.20 baht, direct labor costing 5.20 baht, and production expenses of 0.35 baht, resulting in a total production cost of 45,500 baht per month. The revenue from selling corn husk krathongs amounts to 90,000 baht. The net profit margin to cost is 97.80%, and the net profit margin to sales is 49.44%. The guideline for setting the appropriate price for the product, which is the corn husk krathong, increased to 45.50 baht per piece, will result in higher profits, increasing from 97% to 99%. The monthly sales amount to 91,000 baht, with an average net profit of 22.50 baht per piece.</p> Sawitri Promraksa Wanwanat Donkram Praphatsorn Buaphuen Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of MCU Nakhondhat https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 2025-01-20 2025-01-20 12 1 132 142 THE RESULTS OF INQUIRY CYCLE (5Es) INTEGRATED WITH QUESTIONING TECHNIQUES LEARNING MANAGEMENT ON GENETIC INHERITANCE TOPIC TOWARDS GRADE 11 NARASIKKHALAI SCHOOL STUDENTS’ ANALYTICAL THINKING ABILITY https://so03.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/JMND/article/view/283734 <p>The purposes of this study aimed to: 1) compare grade 11 students’ analytical thinking ability before and after the intervention of using Inquiry Cycle (5Es) learning approach integrated with questioning techniques and 2) investigate grade 11 students’ satisfaction with Inquiry Cycle (5Es) learning approach integrated with Questioning techniques. The samples were 21 grade 11 students of, the second semester of academic year 2022, Narasikalai school, Mueang district, Narathiwat province, gained by purposive sampling. The research instruments included: 1) the 6 lesson plans of Inquiry Cycle (5Es) learning approach integrated with Questioning techniques within 18 hours 2) the pretest-posttest of 30 items on Genetic Inheritance topic, and 3) the questionnaire of 10 items with the 5-point Likert scale for grade 11 students’ satisfaction with Inquiry Cycle (5Es) learning approach integrated with Questioning techniques. The data were analyzed by arithmetic mean, standard deviation, and t-test. The results showed that grade 11 students’ analytical thinking ability in Biology Subject on Genetic Inheritance Topic by using Inquiry Cycle (5Es) learning approach integrated with Questioning Techniques was higher than before learning at the .01 level of statistical significance (t=23.13*), and grade 11 students’ satisfaction with Inquiry Cycle (5Es) learning approach integrated with Questioning techniques was at a high level.</p> Mariam Arsae Waraporn Kaewseekhao Monthiwa Chaikaew Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of MCU Nakhondhat https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 2025-01-22 2025-01-22 12 1 143 151 A STUDY OF MANAGERIAL COMPETENCY COMPONENTS FOR YOUNG HOSPITALITY ENTREPRENEURS IN THE WORLD HERITAGE CITY OF LUANG PRABANG, LAO PDR https://so03.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/JMND/article/view/283760 <p>The objectives of this research were 1) To study managerial competency components for young hospitality entrepreneurs in Luang Prabang World Heritage City, 2) To synthesize essential managerial competency components for young hospitality entrepreneurs in Luang Prabang World Heritage City, and 3) To analyze managerial competency components for young hospitality entrepreneurs in Luang Prabang World Heritage City, Lao People's Democratic Republic. This documentary research consisted of two phases: 1) Synthesizing components from relevant documents and research including academic journals, theses, research reports, books, and related documents, and 2) Validating components by five experts comprising hospitality business management specialists, representatives from entrepreneur associations, and researchers. The research instrument was a 5-point rating scale questionnaire that passed content validity verification. Data were analyzed using mean and standard deviation with a frequency criterion of 60 percent or higher. The findings revealed five competency components, ranked by appropriateness mean scores: 1) Government collaboration (<img id="output" src="https://latex.codecogs.com/svg.image?\bar{x}" alt="equation" /> = 5.00) in regulatory compliance and access to business support, 2) Leadership (<img id="output" src="https://latex.codecogs.com/svg.image?\bar{x}" alt="equation" /> = 4.85) including vision, change management, and digital technology, 3) Financial management (<img id="output" src="https://latex.codecogs.com/svg.image?\bar{x}" alt="equation" /> = 4.80) covering planning, fundraising, and risk management, 4) Hospitality entrepreneurship (<img id="output" src="https://latex.codecogs.com/svg.image?\bar{x}" alt="equation" /> = 4.70) comprising marketing development, product and service development, and 5) Human resource management (<img id="output" src="https://latex.codecogs.com/svg.image?\bar{x}" alt="equation" /> = 4.67) including workforce planning, recruitment, performance evaluation, compensation management, and effective organizational culture building. These identified components can be applied to develop training courses, establish policies, and create sustainable cooperation in hospitality business development.</p> Champa Lattanasuwanphonh Somkid Kaewthip Chalermchai Panyadee Prathana Yotsuk Non Namprathansuk Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of MCU Nakhondhat https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 2025-01-22 2025-01-22 12 1 152 161 LOCAL WISDOM IN PROMOTING FOOD SECURITY AND SOVEREIGNTY: A CASE STUDY OF PGA K'NYAU COMMUNITY IN CHIANG MAI PROVINCE https://so03.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/JMND/article/view/283774 <p>This article aims 1) To study local wisdom, food security, and food sovereignty issues, 2) To analyze the potential of wisdom in promoting food security and sovereignty, and 3) To examine the effects of occupational promotion preserving local wisdom on food security and sovereignty of the Pga K'Nyau community in Chiang Mai province. This research uses a mixed-method approach, integrating qualitative and participatory research, with purposively selected 53 key informants and 113 samples. The data collection tools were in-depth interviews, focus group discussion questions, and participatory observation records. The data were analyzed by content analysis. The research found that 1) The Pga K'Nyau community has seven remarkable local pearls of wisdom consisting of crop rotation and land management, seed preservation, forest utilization and conservation, food exchange and sharing, cooking knowledge sharing, food processing, and herbal application. 2) The local wisdom potentially plays a role in food security promotion and sovereignty for the Pga K'Nyau community. and 3) The career promotion results, including vetiver grass planting, animal husbandry, and processing of local plant products by integrating local wisdom, promoted food security and sovereignty, leading to sustainable development for the Pga K'Nyau community. In addition, the research indicates that the participation of the Pga K'Nyau community is an essential factor that helps the conservation and inheritance of local wisdom to be successful and sustainable.</p> Banjit Sairokham Supalucsana Lomlai Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of MCU Nakhondhat https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 2025-01-22 2025-01-22 12 1 174 185