Journal of MCU Nakhondhat

THE ROLE OF PUBLIC PARTICIPATION UNDER ENVIRONMENTAL LAW IN THE MANAGEMENT OF PM2.5 POLLUTION IN THAILAND

Waraporn Atsawalapsakun — 2026-02-28

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution constitutes a serious environmental and public health crisis in Thailand, causing significant adverse impacts on public health, quality of life, and the fundamental rights of the population, particularly in the northern region and major urban areas. This issue extends beyond conventional air pollution control, as it is directly linked to the rights to life, health, and a healthy environment. Nevertheless, Thailand’s legal framework governing PM2.5 management remains fragmented, lacks coherence, and is predominantly state-centered. As a consequence, the role of the public as stakeholders and rights holders has not been clearly recognized at a structural level. This article aims to analyze the role of the public under Thai environmental law in the management of PM2.5. The study examines relevant environmental law principles, the evolution of public participation, existing legal mechanisms for participation, and challenges in law enforcement. The findings indicate that although members of the public may file complaints, participate through local administrative organizations, access environmental information, and monitor state actions, such participation remains largely reactive, fragmented, and insufficient to enable meaningful involvement in policy decision-making. Accordingly, the article proposes policy recommendations to strengthen public participation, including the formal recognition of the right to clean air, the enactment of specific legislation on air quality and PM2.5 management, the development of proactive participation mechanisms, the enhancement of the authority and capacity of local administrative organizations, and the integration of environmental rights principles into law enforcement. These measures are essential to ensure that Thailand’s PM2.5 management framework operates effectively, equitably, and in accordance with the principles of sustainable development.

DEVELOPMENT OF A PARTICIPATORY INTERNAL SUPERVISION MODEL TO PROMOTE THE COMMUNITY OF PROFESSIONAL LEARNING OF THE SCHOOL UNDER THE JURISDICTION THE SECONDARY EDUCATIONAL SERVICE AREA OFFICE, MAHA SARAKHAM

Roirat Kaewphiphatthomrong — 2026-02-14

This research aimed to 1) Investigate the components and indicators of a participatory internal supervision model for promoting professional learning communities in schools, 2) Examine the consistency of the measurement model of components and indicators with empirical data, and 3) Develop a participatory internal supervision model appropriate to the school context. The study employed a research and development (R&D) approach and was conducted in three phases: Phase 1 involved analyzing problems and needs related to internal supervision; Phase 2 focused on examining the construct validity of the model using confirmatory factor analysis; and Phase 3 evaluated the appropriateness and feasibility of the model by experts.The sample consisted of 520 school administrators and teachers from schools under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office in Maha Sarakham Province, selected through stratified random sampling. The research instruments included questionnaires, interview forms, and evaluation forms for assessing the appropriateness and feasibility of the model. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and confirmatory factor analysis. The results indicated that the participatory internal supervision model comprised four main components with a total of 90 indicators: 1) Supervision planning, 2) Systematic supervision implementation, 3) Reflection and knowledge sharing, and 4) Monitoring and evaluation for development. The measurement model showed a good fit with the empirical data, with construct reliability (R²) ranging from 0.615 to 0.848. Furthermore, the developed model demonstrated a high level of appropriateness and feasibility for practical implementation. It can be applied to enhance internal supervision systems in schools, promote collaboration among administrators and teachers, and sustainably improve educational quality.

ENHANCING CHINESE GRADUATE STUDENTS’ ENGAGEMENT THROUGH VISIBLE THINKING ROUTINES

Siriwan Phuriwattanatham — 2026-02-17

This research aimed to: 1) Investigate the effect of using Visible Thinking Routines (VTRs) on enhancing Chinese graduate students’ engagement across three dimensions: behavioral, emotional, and cognitive; 2) Analyze the unique characteristics and strengths of the VTRs including See/ Think/ Wonder, Think/ Pair/ Share, and I Used to Think…/ Now I Think…; and 3) Explore Chinese graduate students’ experiences and perceptions of using VTRs in the learning process. This qualitative research involved a population of 56 Chinese graduate students enrolled in the first semester of the 2024 academic year at a higher education institution in Thailand. Data collection was conducted through semi-structured interviews with 12 purposively selected students, along with classroom attendance records, and performance assessments. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings revealed that VTRs significantly enhanced engagement across all three dimensions: 1) Behavioral dimensions, classroom attendance increased from 87.5% to 94.3%, and on-time assignment submission increased from 78.6% to 92.9%; 2) Emotional dimension, 94.6% of students perceived their thoughts as valued, and 91.1% felt a sense of belonging to the learning community; and 3) Cognitive dimension, writing quality improved from 2.8 to 4.2 (out of 5). Based on the data analysis, the researcher proposed the Scaffold-Culture-Engagement (SCE) Framework to explain the operational mechanisms through which VTRs enhance learner engagement. These findings carry both theoretical and practical implications for instructional design for international students in graduate education contexts.

MODEL OF MIGRANT LABOR MANAGEMENT AMONG DURIAN GROWERS IN NAKHON SI THAMMARAT PROVINCE

Ploychompoo Sookkhathon — 2026-02-28

This research aims to develop a management model for migrant workers employed by durian orchard farmers in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province. The study began with an examination of the current and desired conditions to identify essential needs and inform the creation of a context-appropriate model. The completeness and validity of the proposed model were evaluated through empirical data analysis. The study employed a research and development (R&D) design with a mixed-methods approach conducted in three phases. Phase One involved a quantitative survey of 329 durian orchard farmers to analyze the modified Priority Needs Index (PNI). Phase Two focused on drafting the model through an expert-based seminar involving nine specialists. Phase Three assessed the model's feasibility and usefulness through focus group discussions with 11 experts and exemplary farmers. The findings suggest that the most critical developmental priority within the migrant labor management process lies in labor relations management. Conversely, at the level of migrantlabor management practices, the greatest need is for skills development and workforce training. These findings identified gaps in existing management practices and served as the basis for developing a migrant labor management model. The model comprises five core components: the model designation, principles, objectives, operational procedures, and key success factors.
A distinguishing feature of the model is its integration of humanitarian principles with contemporary management practices, thereby facilitating the reduction of cultural and social barriers. The validation results confirmed that the model is highly feasible and beneficial for practical implementation. It can serve as a policy guideline and an essential tool for durian orchard farmers to enhance migrant workers' quality of life and sustainably improve the competitiveness of Thai durian production.

ADMINISTRATOR’S STRENGTHENING MODEL FOR SECONDARY SCHOOL ADMINISTRATION, THE SECONDARY EDUCATIONAL SERVICE AREA OFFICE BANGKOK

Supaporn Tapananon — 2026-02-28

This research aimed to 1) Study factors affecting the strengthening of school administration, 2) Develop a model for strengthening school administration, and 3) evaluate the effectiveness of the model. The research employed a mixed-methods approach, divided into three phases: Phase 1 focused on studying factors affecting the strengthening of school administration. The sample consisted of 92 school administrators from the Bangkok Metropolitan Area Secondary Education Service Area Office, selected using the Krejcie-Morgan table through purposive sampling. Phase 2 involved developing a model for strengthening school administration. The informants were 9 school administrators with doctoral degrees and expert qualifications, selected through purposive sampling. Phase 3 involved evaluating the model. The informants were 7 school administrators from the Bangkok Metropolitan Area Secondary Education Service Area Office, selected through purposive sampling. The research instruments included questionnaires, interviews, and evaluation forms. Statistical analyses included mean, standard deviation, and content analysis. The results showed that 1) The factors affecting the strengthening of school administration differed significantly overall, and 2) The developed model. There are 4 administrative departments: 2.1) Academic Department, 2.2) Budget Department, 2.3) Personnel Department, and 2.4) General Administration Department. All 4 departments operate within their respective scopes and affect the quality of teachers and students. Factors that influence school development that help promote and support the administration include internal and external factors. and 3) The results of the evaluation of the model for strengthening school administration, overall, are at the highest level of feasibility and benefit.

DEVELOPMENT OF A SHORT-TERM LOCAL CURRICULUM ON THE ART OF BANANA STALK CARVING FOR UPPER SECONDARY STUDENTS IN SONGKHLA PROVINCE SCHOOLS

Chatsada Damkliang — 2026-02-28

This study aimed to 1) Examine basic information for the development of a short-term local curriculum on the art of banana stalk carving in schools in Songkhla Province, and 2) Develop such a curriculum. The study employed a curriculum development research design. The participants included three informants contributing to the curriculum development and three experts who evaluated its accuracy and appropriateness. The research instruments consisted of an interview form regarding curriculum development and an evaluation form assessing the curriculum’s accuracy and suitability, with an item–objective congruence index ranging from 0.67 to 1.00. Interview data were analyzed through content analysis, while quantitative data were analyzed using mean scores. The results indicated that: 1) banana stalk carving represents valuable local wisdom that is at risk of disappearing due to the lack of knowledge transmission; therefore, systematic preservation and transfer of this knowledge to younger generations are essential for sustainability. 2) The developed short-term local curriculum includes educational objectives, hands-on learning activities, creative work production, collaborative group learning, and presentation of student outcomes. Learning experiences are organized progressively from fundamental knowledge to practice, moving from simple to more complex activities in a systematic and continuous sequence. Assessment methods are aligned with the curriculum objectives. The curriculum achieved a mean accuracy score of 4.79, with a standard deviation of 0.41 and a mean appropriateness score of 4.83 with a standard deviation of 0.38 both at the highest level.

THE USE OF FORENSIC EVIDENCE BY INVESTIGATIVE OFFICERS: A CASE STUDY OF CRIMINAL OFFENSES AGAINST LIFE, BODY, AND SEXUAL INTEGRITY

Sirithum Chitngam — 2026-02-28

This study sought to Assess the significance and application of forensic evidence in the investigation of criminal cases including homicide, bodily injury, and sexual offenses among criminal investigation officers. A mixed-methods research approach was used. It included a quantitative study that used data from 297 criminal investigation officers and a qualitative study that included in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with 16 police officers in charge. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to look at the data. The findings indicated that educational attainment and duration of employment substantially influenced the significance and use of forensic evidence in criminal cases pertaining to homicide, bodily injury, and sexual offenses, with statistically significant variances. The high score for the relevance of forensic evidence ( = 4.21, S.D. = 0.359) shows that the people who answered agreed that scientific evidence is needed at every step of the criminal investigative process. In the same way, the amount of use of forensic evidence was also scored highly ( = 3.81, S.D. = 0.403). Criminal investigation officers could use forensic evidence in case files, had expertise submitting evidence for testing, and made sure that each step of collecting, submitting, and analyzing evidence was done correctly. This shows that you are quite good at using what you know in real-life investigations. The results also showed that the lowest level of participation in training linked to the use of forensic evidence was due to a lack of training opportunities and not enough growth in academic and professional skills.

A STUDY OF THE COMPONENTS OF CREATIVE LEADERSHIP AMONG SCHOOL ADMINISTRATORS

Amnat Chaisong — 2026-02-28

This study aimed to investigate the components of creative leadership among school administrators and to examine the appropriateness and feasibility of these components. The research was conducted in two phases. The first phase involved the study and synthesis of creative leadership components from 12 relevant documents, textbooks, and research studies published within the past ten years. Components with a frequency of at least 40 percent were selected to ensure academic consistency and relevance. The second phase examined the appropriateness and feasibility of the identified components through an evaluation by five experts who possessed no less than ten years of experience in educational administration and demonstrated expertise in leadership and educational management. The research instruments consisted of a document analysis form, a semi-structured interview protocol, and a five-point rating scale questionnaire. Content validity was verified by experts, and the Index of Item-Objective Congruence (IOC) values were .05 or higher. Data were analyzed using basic descriptive statistics, including frequency, percentage, mean (M), and standard deviation (S.D.). The findings revealed that the components of creative leadership among school administrators, derived from document synthesis and expert evaluation, comprised five major components: 1) vision, 2) creativity, 3) flexibility and adaptability, 4) cognitive ability, and 5) teamwork. Furthermore, the experts’ assessment indicated that the overall appropriateness and feasibility of these components were at the highest level, with mean scores ranging from 4.1 to 5.0. These results suggest that the identified components can serve as a conceptual framework for research and as practical guidelines for developing and enhancing creative leadership among school administrators.

THE POLITICAL ROLE OF THE JUDICIAL INSTITUTION IN THAILAND: A STUDY OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT FROM 1997 TO 2025

Kriditat Chaisawai — 2026-02-28

This research article aims to analyze the political role of the judicial institution in Thailand during the period from 1997 to 2025, using the Constitutional Court as a case study in order to explain the dynamics through which political conflicts have been transferred from the arenas of parliament, elections, and public space to the arena of the courts or the judicial process. The analysis is based on the conceptual frameworks of the judicialization of politics, the rule of law, judicial review, and institutionalism, in order to examine the relationship between constitutional law and state power, while also linking the analysis to debates concerning the “deep state” and “lawfare”. The research methodology is qualitative, relying on documentary research and interpretive content analysis of Constitutional Court decisions and important political documents. The findings indicate that, following the political crisis of 2006 and military coups in Thailand, the judicial institution particularly the Constitutional Court has developed a clearly pronounced political role through its decisions in the following respects: 1) Rendering the outcomes of coups d’état and the exercise of extra-constitutional power legally effective; 2) Removing prime ministers and accelerating the formation of governments or the reconfiguration of power; 3) dissolving political parties and imposing political disqualifications in a preventive manner; 4) Regulating the framework of constitutional amendment as well as political and legal policy; and 5) Intervening in the electoral process through decisions declaring elections void. The expansion of the role of the courts has both contributed to the balancing of power; however, at the same time, it has generated legal uncertainty, weakened democratic linkage, and posed the risk of transforming the legal order into rule by law rather than a normative rule of law. Therefore, this study proposes guidelines for reform, including the restructuring of the judicial appointment process, the enhancement of mechanisms for reviewing Constitutional Court decisions, and the development of the rule of law that is connected to the people.

A LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS OF DIRECT VIOLENCE IN PHAKINAI’S “HOME” NOVEL SERIES

Tharit Sribouban — 2026-02-28

This research aimed to analyze the linguistic strategies used to convey direct violence in the four novels of Pakinai’s "HOME" series. The study employed Chamnan Rodhetphai’s conceptual framework on word-use strategies and Johan Vincent Galtung’s theory of violence as the analytical basis. The findings revealed that the author utilized six linguistic strategies to communicate direct violence: 1) Denotative Meaning Strategy, depicting direct violence against the body and property, as well as hate speech, restriction of freedom, and humiliation; 2) Connotative Meaning Strategy, reflecting direct violence through hate speech and sexual contexts; 3) Colloquialism Strategy, conveying direct violence through hate speech and sexual themes; 4) Abstract Word Strategy, illustrating direct violence via hate speech; 5) Slang Strategy, representing direct violence through hate speech; and 6) Vulgar or Profane Language Strategy, expressing direct violence through hate speech. The research indicates that Pakinai’s "HOME" series does not merely present horror stories but employs diverse linguistic strategies as crucial tools to expose and concretely reflect various dimensions of direct violence. This allows readers to clearly perceive the suffering of the victims. Furthermore, the study demonstrates the relationship between word choice and violent behavior, focusing on two core aspects: word-use strategies and forms of violence.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF A MENTAL HEALTH LITERACY ENHANCEMENT PROGRAM TO PROMOTE COPING BEHAVIORS FOR SCHOOL BULLYING AMONG GRADE 9 STUDENTS

Thipphawan Lokittithonkul — 2026-02-28

This study aimed to: 1) Develop a Mental Health Literacy Enhancement Program, and 2) Examine the effects of the program on coping behaviors in response to school bullying among Grade 9 students. A quasi-experimental research design was employed and conducted in two phases. Phase 1 involved the development of the Mental Health Literacy Enhancement Program designed to promote coping behaviors when facing school bullying among Grade 9 students. Phase 2 examined the effects of the developed program. The sample consisted of two groups totaling 47 participants: seven teachers and 40 Grade 9 students. The research instruments included: 1) A School Bullying Coping Behavior Scale with a reliability coefficient of .92; 2) A Program Satisfaction Assessment Form; and 3) A semi-structured interview form with an index of item-objective congruence ranging from 0.67 to 1.00. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and independent samples t-test. The findings revealed that: 1) The Mental Health Literacy Enhancement Program comprised three main components-group experience-sharing activities, game-based activities, and online reflective and self-exploration activities. The overall appropriateness of the program was rated at the highest level (M = 4.60, S.D. = 0.13). 2) Students in the experimental group demonstrated significantly higher coping behavior scores compared to those in the control group (p < .05). Additionally, participants reported the highest level of satisfaction with the program following implementation (M = 4.87, S.D. = 0.33).

GUIDELINES FOR SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITY SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT UNDER THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY CONCEPT: A CASE STUDY OF KRABI MUNICIPALITY, MUEANG KRABI DISTRICT, KRABI PROVINCE

Jiratchaya Thaisayam — 2026-02-28

This research originates from the problem of municipal solid waste management in Thailand, particularly the continuously increasing volume of waste, while upstream waste management remains limited in efficiency, resulting in residual waste accumulation and increasing burdens on downstream disposal processes. The study aims to examine the municipal solid waste management process of Krabi Municipality under the circular economy concept, analyze the factors affecting the success of sustainable solid waste management, and propose guidelines for sustainable community solid waste management under the circular economy concept. A mixed-methods research approach was employed. The quantitative research involved collecting questionnaire data from 392 residents within the Krabi Municipality area, which were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis through the Generalized Least Squares (GLS) method. The qualitative research consisted of in-depth interviews with 15 key informants and focus group discussions with policy-makers and waste management practitioners, with six participants in each group. The findings indicate that Krabi Municipality has a municipal solid waste management process covering upstream, midstream, and downstream stages, relying on network governance and 4P collaboration that integrates policy, technology, and public participation. The model explains 68.7 percent of the variance. Factors with statistically significant influence include waste-to-energy technology, clear waste management policies, and public participation. The research suggests that local administrative organizations should design systematic waste management policies that balance upstream waste reduction with downstream technological solutions, alongside promoting public participation and developing multi-sector collaboration mechanisms to enhance efficiency and ensure the long-term sustainability of waste management systems.

PARTICIPATORY MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT OF PERSONNEL IN THE SOUTHERN BORDER PROVINCIAL COMMUNITY COLLEGES

Suphamas Yooariya — 2026-02-28

This study aimed to: 1) Examine the level of participative management, 2) Examine the level of organizational commitment, and 3) Investigate the relationship between participative management and organizational commitment among personnel in community colleges located in the southern border provinces of Thailand. A quantitative research approach was employed. The sample consisted of 138 personnel, including civil servants, government employees, and outsourced employees working in community colleges in the southern border provinces. The participants were selected using proportional stratified random sampling and simple random sampling techniques. The research instrument was a five-point Likert-scale questionnaire. Participative management was measured across four dimensions: participation in decision-making, participation in implementation, participation in benefits, and participation in evaluation. Organizational commitment was assessed based on three dimensions: affective commitment, continuance commitment, and normative commitment. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson’s product–moment correlation coefficient. The results revealed that the overall level of participative management among personnel was at a high level ( = 3.78). Similarly, the overall level of organizational commitment was also found to be high ( = 3.84). The correlation analysis indicated that participative management had a strong positive relationship with organizational commitment (r = 0.650), which was statistically significant at the .01 level. The findings highlight the importance of management practices that systematically promote personnel participation in all organizational processes. Encouraging participative management contributes significantly to enhancing organizational commitment, which in turn supports improved work performance and organizational sustainability. These results provide valuable insights for administrators of community colleges, particularly in the context of the southern border provinces of Thailand, where effective management strategies are essential for strengthening institutional stability and long-term development.

STUDY OF STRATEGIES FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF WASTE WELFARE FUND FOR PEOPLE IN NA DAN SUBDISTRICT, SUWANNAKHUHA DISTRICT, NONG BUA LAMPHU PROVINCE

Kanokwan Wangkahard — 2026-02-28

The problem of solid waste causes environmental and health issues and affects society, and it is becoming more severe. Na Dan Subdistrict, Suwannakhuha District, Nong Bua Lamphu Province, is one area experiencing this waste problem and lacks effective waste management. Therefore, the researchers recognized the importance of studying waste management in this subdistrict. The research objectives were: 1) To study the waste management strategies of residents in Na Dan Subdistrict, Suwannakhuha District, Nong Bua Lamphu Province; and 2) To compare the waste management strategies of Na Dan Subdistrict, Suwannakhuha District, Nong Bua Lamphu Province, categorized by personal factors and knowledge and understanding of solid waste management. Data was collected using questionnaires from a sample of 383 people. The research results, ranked highest, showed that cooperation in reducing solid waste volume was highest overall ( = 4.57). This was followed by cooperation in solving problems and the waste welfare fund, which were at a high level overall ( = 4.47), ( = 3.93). Information on solid waste collection and waste sorting was also examined. The overall level of waste management strategies was moderate ( = 2.99), ( = 2.95), while waste disposal strategies were at a low level ( = 2.19). When the F-test of the degree of public waste management strategies was used to compare the differences between independent and dependent variables, it was found that annual income and gender were not statistically significant. However, at the 0.05 level (0.001), age, occupation, and educational level were statistically significant. The research results can inform strategies for waste management, including the development of a sub-district-level waste welfare fund.

THE ANTECEDENTS OF TRAVEL MOTIVATION, CO-CREATION OF COMMUNITY, TOURISM EXPERIENCE AND TOURIST SATISFACTION IN AFFECTING TO REVISIT INTENTION IN THE LOWER NORTHERN PROVINCIAL 1

Puncharas Keeratipornnipat — 2026-02-28

This quantitative research aimed aimed to: 1) Examine the importance of travel motivation level, co-creation of community-based tourism experiences, tourist satisfaction, and revisit intention; 2) Investigate the causal influence of travel motivation, co-creation of community-based tourism experiences, and tourist satisfaction on revisit intention of Thai tourists; and 3) Assess the serial mediating effects of co-creation of community-based tourism experiences and tourist satisfaction in transmitting the influence of travel motivation on revisit intention. This quantitative study utilized questionnaires as a research instrument. Probability sampling, specifically proportional sampling, was employed to select 380 Thai tourists who had experienced CBT activities in five provinces: Phitsanulok, Tak, Phetchabun, Uttaradit, and Sukhothai. Data were analyzed using percentage, mean, standard deviation, and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The research findings indicate that travel motivation does not have a direct influence on tourist satisfaction. However, it has an indirect effect mediated by the tourism co-creation variable. Additionally, tourist satisfaction serves as a mediating variable between tourism co-creation and repeat visit intention. A key contribution of this study to the body of knowledge on community-based tourism management is that fostering community tourism experiences for Thai tourists acts as a link between travel motivation and tourist satisfaction. The study recommends promoting tourists' participation in the value co-creation process comprehensively, covering the pre-trip, during-trip, and post-trip phases. Efforts should be made to encourage interaction and co-creation between tourists and the tourist destination, which in turn leads to tourists' intention to revisit.

CAUSAL RELATIONSHIPS AFFECTING THE OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF STATE VOCATIONAL COLLEGES IN NANNING CITY, GUANGXI PROVINCE, PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

Chen Liang — 2026-02-28

This study had two main objectives: 1) To examine the levels of transformational leadership, human resource management, learning organization, knowledge management, and organizational performance of public vocational colleges; and 2) To investigate the causal relationships among these factors influencing the organizational performance of public vocational colleges. This research employed a quantitative research approach, In this study, the sample group consisted of personnel from government-operated vocational and technical colleges in Nanning City, Guangxi Province, People’s Republic of China, totaling 18 institutions. The sample size was determined based on the 10:1 rule suggested by Tabachnick and Fidell resulting in a sample of 700 participants. With an emphasis on structural relationship analysis to explain the factors affecting the effectiveness of vocational education institutions within the context of public sector management. The sample consisted of 700 personnel from public vocational colleges and technical colleges operated by the government in Nanning City, Guangxi Province, People’s Republic of China. The participants were selected using accidental sampling. The research instrument was a questionnaire developed to cover all variables based on the conceptual framework of the study. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics to explain general characteristics, inferential statistics to test research hypotheses, and structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine causal relationships among the variables. The results revealed that: 1) Human resource management had the highest mean score, followed by knowledge management, learning organization, organizational performance, and transformational leadership, respectively; and 2) The factors that had a direct influence on the organizational performance of public vocational colleges in Nanning City were transformational leadership, followed by learning organization and knowledge management, respectively. These findings highlight the importance of leadership roles and the development of learning-oriented organizations in achieving the success of vocational education institutions in the contemporary context.

COMMUNICATING THE SPORTS CITY POLICY OF THE SPORTS AUTHORITY IN UDON THANI PROVINCE, THAILAND

Panida Naree — 2026-02-28

This research aimed to 1) Examine communication for promoting the Sports City policy 2) Investigate communication strategies for promoting the Sports City policy and 3) Develop communication guidelines to enhance the promotion of the Sports City policy of the Sports Authority of Thailand, Udon Thani Province. This study employed a qualitative research approach using observation and in-depth interviews with 14 key informants, including administrators, practitioners, policy advisors, and members of the mass media. The research instrument was a semi-structured in-depth interview protocol, which was validated by three experts. Data were collected through field note recording and analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings revealed that 1) Communication for promoting the Sports City policy consisted of three dimensions policy reception, issue management, and evaluation. 2) Communication strategies for promoting the Sports City policy comprised four major strategies 2.1) Message design strategy, emphasizing persuasive communication to ensure clarity, credibility, and to encourage participation 2.2) Media utilization strategy, including the use of social media such as LINE groups for administrators, mass media, sports referees, and Sports City drivers, and the use of new media platforms, namely Facebook pages and official websites 2.3) Network-building strategy through interpersonal communication, focusing on establishing and expanding networks with the public through communication by provincial administrators of Udon Thani and 2.4) Mass media strategy, emphasizing collaboration with media organizations to disseminate information to the public. 3) The development of communication guidelines for the Sports City policy included enhancing communication with public and private sector agencies improving message design by emphasizing the identity of Udon Thani as a Sports City and strengthening communication to foster a sense of belonging, mutual understanding, and cooperation among governmental agencies and citizens within the province.

DEVELOPMENT OF AN ACADEMIC ADMINISTRATION MODEL FOR CAREER-BASED APPROACH AT THE SECONDARY EDUCATION LEVEL, POTISARNPITTAYAKORN SCHOOL

Siwawut Rattana — 2026-02-28

This research article aims to 1) Examine the conditions, problems, and needs of academic administration; 2) Develop a model for academic administration; 3) Evaluate and pilot the developed model; and 4) Study the effects of implementing the model in practice. The study population comprised 225 administrators and teachers from Potisarnpittayakorn School. Research instruments included a questionnaire and a document-analysis record form. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (percentages, means, and standard deviations) and content analysis. The findings revealed that 1) The school’s academic administration is strong in offering a diverse curriculum but faces operational problems in that it places greater emphasis on academic achievement and progression to higher education than on direct preparation for the labor market. This reflects a need for a new form of academic administration that systematically integrates curriculum planning, learning processes, guidance systems, collaborative networks, and assessment. 2) The developed model is an integrated, systems-based model of academic administration comprising three interconnected levels: the conceptual level, the administrative-process level, and the outcomes-and-success-conditions level. Eight administrative components operate in coordination under a unified conceptual framework. 3) Evaluation and pilot implementation indicate the model is appropriate, practicable, and produces positive outcomes for learners. 4) A key contribution of the research is the finding that preparing students for career pathways should be integrated into the overall structure of academic administration rather than treated as an adjunct activity, leading to structural and qualitative changes at the school level.

TO PROMOTE THAI READING SKILLS THROUGH THE USE OF PATTANI FOLKLORE FOR GRADE 5 STUDENTS

Kanjira Boonjan — 2026-02-28

This research article aimed to: 1) Investigate the basic information for developing a local learning unit using Pattani provincial folklore. 2) Develop a local learning unit using Pattani provincial folklore. 3) Compare students’ reading skills achieved through the local learning unit with the criterion of 80 percent and 4) Compare students’ learning achievement before and after instruction using the local learning unit. The population consisted of Grade 5 students in the second semester of the 2025 academic year from municipal schools in Pattani Province, totaling 426 students. The sample group comprised 30 Grade 5 students, selected through multistage sampling. The research instruments included interviews, lesson plans, a reading skills assessment, and a learning achievement test. The data were analyzed using statistical methods including the mean, standard deviation, comparison of the mean with a criterion, and comparison of the means of two related samples. The research findings revealed that: 1) The basic information for developing a local learning unit using Pattani provincial folklore indicated that the literary content, particularly the legends of Pattani, was enjoyable, stimulated students’ interest, and fostered positive attitudes toward reading in Thai. It was also effective in enhancing students’ reading aloud skills and reading comprehension skills. 2) The local learning unit using Pattani provincial folklore consisted of the principles, core concepts, learning objectives, key competencies and desirable characteristics, local learning content, learning activities and instructional time, learning standards/indicators, instructional media and learning resources, measurement and evaluation methods, and expected learning outcomes 3) Students’ reading skills developed through the local learning unit were significantly higher than the 80 percent criterion at the .05 level of significance and 4) Students’ learning achievement after instruction using the local learning unit was significantly higher than before instruction at the .05 level of significance.

PERFORMING ARTS EDUCATION MANAGEMENT TO DEVELOP SKILLS FOR WORKFORCE READINESS IN EASTERN ECONOMIC CORRIDOR (EEC)

Somsak Thongpan — 2026-02-28

This research aims to 1) Study factors affecting work performance and 2) Propose guidelines for developing teaching activities in performing arts courses in the culturally diverse Eastern Economic Corridor (EEC). This is a qualitative and mixed-method (multi-stage) research design. The target group consisted of 126 people. The research tools included interviews and focus group discussion notes. Data was analyzed using content analysis. The research findings revealed that: 1) Analysis of the personal factors of the sample group showed that the majority were female (63.8%) and male (36.1%), with the largest age group being 36 - 45 years. Overall, the majority of the sample were mid-career working adults, married, holding a bachelor's degree, operating at a level, and with 5 - 10years of work experience in organizations. 2) Analysis of the work factors of company employees in the EEC area showed that most of the nine aspects were at the highest level of opinion, except for cultural skills and intercultural understanding, which were at a high level. 3) A study of approaches to developing teaching activities in performing arts in the culturally diverse Eastern Economic Corridor (EEC) area found that teachers implemented activities involving surveying and studying local identity, integrating arts and culture, providing opportunities for expressing opinions, empirical studies, developing diverse skills, applying technology, community-friendly learning,
and promoting learning with cultural diversity. The focus was on creating performing arts works. From interviews, children in the EEC area, who work with people from many nationalities, indicated that learning through performing arts to understand each other's cultural roots would greatly reduce conflict.

DEVELOPMENT OF AN INTERNAL SUPERVISION MODEL BASED ON THE LEARNING ECOSYSTEM APPROACH TO IMPROVE STUDENT QUALITY IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS UNDER THE OFFICE OF NAKHON SI THAMMARAT PRIMARY EDUCATIONAL SERVICE AREA 2

Piyarat Panpoeng — 2026-02-28

This research and development study aimed to: 1) Investigate the actual conditions, expected conditions, and priority needs of internal supervision; 2) Develop an internal supervision model based on the learning ecosystem approach for enhancing student quality; and 3) Examine the appropriateness, feasibility, and usefulness of the developed model for schools under the Nakhon Si Thammarat Primary Educational Service Area Office 2. A mixed-methods research design was employed in accordance with research and development procedures. The sample consisted of school administrators and teachers selected through stratified random sampling. The instrument was a five-point rating scale questionnaire with item-objective congruence indices ranging from .80 to 1.00 and an overall reliability coefficient of .94. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and the Priority Needs Index. The findings were synthesized to construct a conceptual framework and develop the model, which was subsequently validated by nine experts. The results revealed that: 1) the overall level of current internal supervision practices was low ( = 2.48), whereas the expected level was high ( = 4.49), and the highest priority need was the dissemination of internal supervision reports; 2) the developed model comprised key components, namely principles, objectives, a six-step supervision process, supporting mechanisms, and success conditions, grounded in the learning ecosystem approach that systematically integrates personnel, resources, technology, and collaborative networks; and 3) the validation results indicated that the model achieved the highest levels of appropriateness ( = 4.59), feasibility ( = 4.76), and usefulness for enhancing student quality ( = 4.79). These findings demonstrate that the model can serve as a systematic guideline for strengthening internal supervision in alignment with the school context.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF HEALTHCARE-ASSOCIATED INFECTION SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM IN TERTIARY AND HIGHER-LEVEL HOSPITALS

Suruchsawadee Thiengwiboonwong — 2026-02-28

This research employed a Research and Development (R&D) design aimed to develop a hospital infection surveillance system in and to evaluate its effectiveness in Rajavithi Hospital. The sample consisted of 174 professional nurses from nine inpatient units, selected using purposive sampling. Participants included infection control nurses (ICN), infection control ward nurses (ICWN), ward head nurses, and staff nurses. Research instruments comprised: 1) A hospital infection surveillance system developed by the researcher; 2) A knowledge test; 3) An assessment of compliance with infection prevention measures; 4) A data quality assessment form; and 5) A satisfaction questionnaire. The instruments were validated by experts, yielding a Content Validity Index (CVI) of 0.97-1.00. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics, including paired t-test, Chi-square test, and Relative Risk analysis, with the level of statistical significance set at .05. The results showed that after system implementation, staff nurses demonstrated a statistically significant increase in knowledge scores (t = 7.04, p < .001), whereas infection control nurses and ward head nurses showed increased scores without statistical significance. The percentage of compliance with Infection Prevention Bundles were increased. Data quality was at a good level, with 100% timely reporting. User satisfaction was at a high level (Mean = 3.83, S.D. = 0.79). The incidence of hospital-acquired infections showed a decreasing trend, particularly ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in critical care units (RR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.05 - 4.28). The findings indicate that the developed infection surveillance system is effective and appropriate for implementation in tertiary and higher-level hospitals.

NECESSARY NEEDS FOR DEVELOPING THE ROLE OF LOCAL ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANIZATIONS IN PROMOTING PARTICIPATORY TOURISM BASED ON CULTURAL HERITAGE IN PHIBUN DISTRICT, NAKHON SI THAMMARAT PROVINCE

Chanikarn Saikuea — 2026-02-28

This research article aims to examine the needs for developing the roles of local administrative organizations in promoting participatory tourism based on cultural wisdom heritage in Phipun District, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province. The study employed a mixed-methods research design.
In the quantitative phase, questionnaires were used as the data collection instrument to gather information from local residents. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Modified Priority Needs Index (PNI Modified) to prioritize the urgency of the roles requiring development.
The qualitative phase was conducted to complement the findings, ensuring completeness, accuracy, and a comprehensive overview. Structured interviews were used to collect data from executives in both public and private sectors related to tourism. Content analysis was then applied to synthesize conceptual conclusions. The research findings revealed that the overall priority need had a PNI value of 0.32, indicating a high level of necessity requiring urgent role development. When considering each aspect individually, tourism marketing showed the highest priority need (PNI = 0.44), ranking first. This was followed by exploration and creation of new tourist attractions (PNI = 0.41), tourism attraction management (PNI = 0.31), and tourism planning and development (PNI = 0.28). The provision of tourism services had the lowest level of priority need (PNI = 0.18). The reason local administrative organizations play a limited role is due to budget constraints. Therefore, the research recommends that local administrative organizations should build networks with external agencies at the provincial and central levels to coordinate budget support, as well as collaborate with educational institutions to transfer systematic knowledge on tourism management.

A MODEL FOR ENHANCING TEACHERS’ CAPACITY IN STUDENT CARE AND SUPPORT: AN EXPLORATORY AND CONFIRMATORY FACTOR ANALYSIS

Pramote Klahan — 2026-02-28

This study aimed to: 1) Examine the components of teachers’ competency in student support and assistance, and 2) Develop a model to enhance such competency through a two-step factor analysis procedure. The research was conducted in two phases. Phase 1 employed Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) with a sample of 286 teachers, using a questionnaire as the data collection instrument. Phase 2 applied Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) with a sample of 314 teachers, utilizing a competency assessment form to validate the proposed structure. The findings revealed that teachers’ competency in student support and assistance under the Office of the Vocational Education Commission comprises four main components with a total of 33 indicators: 1) Systematic planning, monitoring, and assessment of students’ problems; 2) Close and attentive care and support for students; 3) Counseling and guidance based on an understanding of students’ behaviors and life contexts; and 4) Inspiring students to recognize their self-worth and develop clear career pathways. The results of model development indicated that all four components were consistent with the empirical data. Factor loadings ranged from .612 to .930, and the squared multiple correlations (R²) ranged from .375 to .865, reflecting appropriate levels of association and explanatory power. Most goodness-of-fit indices met acceptable criteria. Although some RMSEA values were relatively high, consideration of multiple fit indices suggested that the overall model remained appropriate. In conclusion, the developed model demonstrated structural validity and can serve as a systematic framework for enhancing teachers’ competency in student support and assistance. It comprehensively integrates preventive measures, psychological support, and career development promotion, thereby contributing to effective and sustainable student development in vocational education contexts.

GUIDELINES FOR STRESS MANAGEMENT OF INVESTIGATIVE POLICE OFFICERS IN POLICE STATIONS UNDER THE METROPOLITAN POLICE BUREAU

Prompong Sanitklang — 2026-02-28

This research aims to investigate stress levels, identify factors influencing stress, and propose stress management guidelines for investigative police officers under the Metropolitan Police Bureau. Utilizing a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design, quantitative data were collected via questionnaires from a sample of 315 investigative officers selected through stratified and simple random sampling. Data analysis was performed using percentage, frequency, mean, standard deviation, t-test, One-way ANOVA, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. For the qualitative phase, in-depth interviews were conducted with 12 key informants, including investigative officers, mental health experts, and administrators. The results indicated that investigative officers experienced a high overall level of stress. Significant personal factors influencing stress included investigative work experience, income adequacy, underlying disease, and average daily sleep duration. Regarding work-related factors, stress was primarily driven by shortages of budget, personnel, and operational equipment. The proposed stress management guidelines comprise three levels: 1) Individual level: focusing on building psychological resilience through cognitive reappraisal, mindfulness, and social support; 2) Police station level: emphasizing the creation of a healthy organization through welfare benefits, mentorship systems, and adequate rest periods; and 3) Bureau level: focusing on the equitable allocation of personnel, budget, and equipment to meet operational realities, implementing context-specific policies, and establishing proactive mental health support systems to enhance quality of life and operational efficiency.

FACTORS AFFECTING WORK MOTIVATION OF GENERATION Y EMPLOYEES IN SURAT THANI PROVINCE

Nararat Kuehtong — 2026-02-28

This research article aimed to 1) Study the level of opinions regarding motivational factors in work performance and supportive factors among Generation Y employees in Surat Thani Province, and 2) Study the relationship between supportive factors and work motivation using quantitative research methods. The sample consisted of 400 Generation Y employees in Surat Thani Province, born between 1980 and 1997. Data was collected using questionnaires. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and inferential statistics, specifically Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The results of the study revealed that 1) Generation Y employees had a high level of opinions regarding factors affecting their work motivation. The motivational factor with the highest mean score was advancement ( = 4.25), followed by responsibility ( = 4.15), achievement ( = 4.07), recognition ( = 4.05), and the nature of work ( = 4.00), respectively. Regarding supporting factors, the organizational management policy had the highest average score ( = 4.20), followed by working conditions ( = 4.12), relationships with supervisors, subordinates, and colleagues ( = 3.98), and personal well-being ( = 3.75). 2) The correlation analysis revealed that supporting factors had a statistically significant positive correlation with work motivation at the .05 level, particularly supervisory aspects, personal well-being, and job security. This reflected the fact that a suitable work environment, support from supervisors, and a good quality of life all play a significant role in enhancing employee motivation. In summary, organizations should focus on developing clear management policies, creating a conducive work atmosphere, and promoting job security and a good quality of life for employees in order to sustainably improve the motivation and work performance of Generation Y employees.

EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT MODEL FOR EMPLOYMENT OF THE SOUTHERN WELFARE EDUCATION SCHOOL UNDER THE OFFICE OF SPECIAL EDUCATION ADMINISTRATION

Sompong Adam — 2026-02-28

This research aimed to: 1) Examine the current conditions and develop a model of education management for employability, 2) Develop the model of education management for employability, and 3) Validate the model for education management for employability in Southern Welfare Schools under the Bureau of Special Education Administration. This study employed a quantitative research design and a mixed-methods approach. Phase 1, which targeted school administrators, academic department heads, and teachers responsible for employability education management, involved 45 participants. Data were collected by using a questionnaire. In Phase 2, the target group includes 3 school directors recognized for their best practices, as identified through an in-depth interview. Phase 3: the target group includes 9 experts, who will be evaluated through a seminar to assess the accuracy and appropriateness of the developed model, and through a focus group to assess the model's feasibility and usefulness. Data were analyzed using percentages, means, standard deviations, and content analysis. The results revealed that: 1) The current state was at a high level overall. Among the aspects considered, personnel administration was ranked highest. Regarding the desired conditions, they were high overall. Among the aspects considered, the highest demand was for budget administration. 2) The developed model of education management for employability comprised five components. The expert seminar confirmed that the model demonstrated the highest level of accuracy and appropriateness. and 3) The validation based on focus group discussions indicated the highest levels of feasibility and usefulness.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN EDUCATIONAL ADMINISTATION MODEL FOR SCHOOLS WITH MUSICLLY GIFTED STUDENTS TOWARD EDUCATIONAL EXCELLENCE UNDER THESECONDARY EDUCATIONAL SERVICE AREA OFFICE NAKHON SI THAMMARAT

Nawarat Abhaiwong — 2026-02-28

This research aimed to: 1) Study the current conditions and desirable conditions for developing an administrative model for schools with students gifted in music toward excellence; 2) Develop an administrative model for schools with students gifted in music toward excellence; and 3) Examine the administrative model for schools with students gifted in music toward excellence under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office Nakhon Si Thammarat. The sample consisted of 252 school administrators and teachers. The research instruments included interview forms, questionnaires, seminar forms, and focus group discussion forms. The data were analyzed using percentages, means, standard deviations, and the Priority Needs Index (PNI Modified). The results showed that: 1) The overall current and desirable conditions for developing the administrative model were at a high level; 2) The administrative model consisted of five components: 2.1) Concepts and principles of the model; 2.2) Objectives of the model; 2.3) Administrative guidelines for schools with students gifted in music toward excellence, comprising 2.3.1) Policy, 2.3.2) Goal determination, 2.3.3) Structure, 2.3.4) Networks, and 2.3.5) Leadership model; 2.4) Guidelines for implementing the model, comprising 2.4.1) Levels of goal determination, 2.4.2) The process of goal determination, 2.4.3) The relationship between goals and decision-making, 2.4.4) Characteristics of the decision-making process, 2.4.5) Structural characteristics, 2.4.6) Linkage with the external environment, 2.4.7) Characteristics of leadership, and 2.4.8) Related leadership styles; and 2.5) Conditions; and 3) The overall appropriateness of the administrative model was at the highest level.

STRATEGY FOR EMPLOYEE POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENT UNDER A STATE-OWNED COMMERCIAL BANK IN THE FINANCIAL TECHNOLOGY ERA: A CASE STUDY ON PHITSANULOK DISTRICT OFFICE AREA

Ekkaluk Bordeerat — 2026-02-28

The purposes of this research were to study 1) The problems and needs for employee potential development, 2) The factors affecting employee potential, and 3) The strategies for employee potential development under a state-owned commercial bank by used mixed-methods. The sample for the questionnaire consisted of 100 employees under a state-owned commercial bank and 9 key informants in the interview group by purposive sampling. Data were analyzed by percentage, mean, standard deviation, one-way ANOVA, multiple regression analysis, and qualitative content analysis. The results showed that 1) The problem for employee potential development was overall at a high level with an average of 3.47, which was the highest average of increased competition from new financial service providers and the need for employee potential development was overall at a highest level with an average of 4.57, which was the highest average of always adapting and learning new things, 2) The factors of work experience and job characteristic consisting of task identity, task significance, autonomy, and feedback affected the employee potential with a statistically significant at the 0.05 level, and 3) The strategies for employee potential development were promoted learning through e-learning, specialized training, job rotations, and external courses, and focus on practical learning through on-the-job training, workshops, mentoring, and innovation activities, including promoted collaboration, adaptability, and leadership all levels along with the building an organizational culture to support continuous learning and sustainable self-development.

STRATEGIES TO ENHANCE STUDENTS’ SELF-MANAGEMENT SKILLS AT PRINCESS CHULABHORN SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL

Sureerat Boonchan — 2026-02-28

The objectives of this research aimed to 1) Study the environment and guidelines for developing strategies to enhance students’ self-management skills at Princess Chulabhorn Science High School, 2) Construct strategies to enhance students’ self-management skills at Princess Chulabhorn Science High School, and 3) Verify the constructed strategies to enhance students’ self-management skills at Princess Chulabhorn Science High School. This study employed a research and development methodology comprising three steps. Step 1 involved studying the environment of enhancing the self-management skills of students at Princess Chulabhorn Science High Schools by interviewing qualified experts. The data obtained from the environmental study were systematically analyzed to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Strategic issues were subsequently formulated using a SWOT analysis to determine practical operational guidelines. Step 2 involved drafting the strategies to enhance the students' self-management skills. Step 3 involved verifying the appropriateness of the drafted strategies. The key informants consisted of seven qualified experts, obtained through a purposive sampling method. The collected data were quantitatively analyzed using the mean. The results of the research revealed that: 1) The results of the environmental study showed that the main strength was resources and budget, the weakness was high academic pressure, the opportunity was government policy, and the threat was high societal expectations. The SWOT Matrix analysis led to the formulation of four strategic issues. 2) The strategies to enhance the self-management skills of students at Princess Chulabhorn Science High Schools consisted of a vision, missions, goals, and four strategic issues: 2.1) Developing students to be researchers and innovators; 2.2) Developing the leadership, self-management, and social coexistence skills of students; 2.3) Enhancing self-esteem among students; and 2.4) Creating reinforcement networks for students with equality and diversity. and 3) The verification results of the strategies' appropriateness found that the strategies were appropriate at a high level.