Journal of MCU Nakhondhat

WATER RESOURCE ADMINISTRATION

2026-05-19T22:21:00+07:00

This academic article aims to review, analyze, and synthesize the paradigm evolution of water resources management concepts, as well as to propose an Integrated Adaptive Water Management (IAWM) framework to address water resource challenges in the twenty-first century. The study employs a literature review and synthesis approach based on academic articles, books, research reports, and publications from organizations related to water resources management. The findings indicate that water resources management concepts have continuously evolved from engineering-based approaches that focus on controlling water resources toward integrated management and socio-ecological systems approaches that emphasize resilience, adaptation, and governance. The literature synthesis reveals several key findings, including a shift in the perception of water resources from a controllable resource to a complex socio-ecological system; a transformation in the role of stakeholders from centralized management to multi-stakeholder participation; and a change in water management objectives from improving water-use efficiency to enhancing resilience, equity, and sustainability within the system. In addition, the study identifies and synthesizes nine key components of water resources management, which are interconnected within a dynamic systems framework. The analysis further demonstrates that although Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) has been widely recognized and accepted, its implementation continues to face institutional and coordination constraints, as well as challenges associated with addressing uncertainties arising from climate change. Therefore, this article proposes the Integrated Adaptive Water Management (IAWM) framework, which is derived from the synthesis of knowledge on IWRM, system resilience, and water governance. The proposed framework aims to strengthen water security, promote equity, and support the long-term sustainability of water resource systems.

HYBRID POLITICAL LOGIC: THE TRANSFORMATIONOF PATRONAGE IN PLATFORM SOCIETY

2026-05-28T23:10:27+07:00

This article aims to 1) Analyze the transformation of political patronage power in Thailand under platform society, 2) Explain the role of political influencers as digital intermediaries in restructuring the relationship between patronage politics and platform politics, and 3) Synthesize a Hybrid Political Logic to explain the transformation of patronage systems in platform society. The study employs a Scoping Review combined with Conceptual Synthesis, drawing on literature on patronage politics, digital platform politics, and institutional logics in both Thai and international contexts. The findings show that digital platform politics has not replaced traditional patronage politics, but has enabled patronage logic and platform logic to operate together. This is reflected in four key dimensions: relational bases shifting from territorial proximity to platform-based connections; mobilization mechanisms shifting from community networks to digital engagement; power bases shifting from social status to digital symbolic capital; and influence networks expanding across spatial boundaries. In practice, these changes are evident in established political clans (“baan yai”) that integrate digital tools with their existing bases of power, and in content creators who function as “digital canvassers” connecting supporters across regions. In addition, political influencers serve as digital power intermediaries and mobilizers through visibility and engagement on platforms. The article therefore proposes “Hybrid Political Logic” to explain how these two logics work together through a process termed “Digital Patronage Politics,” which is becoming an important mechanism for organizing political power in contemporary Thailand. This framework can be used to analyze contemporary Thai political phenomena, inform communication strategy design, and guide future empirical research.

COMPONENTS OF SMART SCHOOLS: A SYNTHESIS OF RESEARCH AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKS

2026-05-31T19:55:29+07:00

This study aimed to synthesize the components of Smart Schools based on empirical research and theoretical literature published between 2015 and 2025. A systematic literature review (SLR) combined with content analysis was employed as the research methodology. Data were collected from major academic databases, including ThaiJO, Thai Digital Collection (TDC), Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and ERIC. The analysis was conducted in six stages: 1) Collecting and preparing relevant data; 2) Inductively identifying key themes and grouping concepts with similar meanings; 3) Synthesizing relationships and comparing similarities and differences across studies; 4) Analyzing the frequency of theme occurrence; 5) Verifying the trustworthiness of the findings; and 6) Drawing conclusions and summarizing the results. The selected documents comprised four domestic and five international studies, totaling nine studies. The findings revealed six core components of Smart Schools: 1) Vision and Management, 2) Information Technology Infrastructure, 3) Smart Physical Environment, 4) Smart Teaching and Learning, 5) Smart Teachers and Staff, and 6) Student Quality. Among these components, information technology infrastructure emerged as the key enabling factor supporting management processes, instructional practices, communication systems, and access to educational resources. In addition, vision and management were particularly prominent in the Thai context, reflecting the centralized nature of the education system and the crucial role of school administrators in translating policy into effective practice and sustainable school development. This study contributes to the literature in three ways. First, it proposes a synthesized framework of Smart School components derived from both domestic and international evidence. Second, it emphasizes digital infrastructure as the foundation of Smart Schools and educational innovation. Third, it explains the contextual characteristics of Thailand, where leadership and school management are central to educational transformation. The proposed framework can serve as a basis for developing indicators, assessing school readiness, formulating educational policies, and guiding Smart School development in Thailand.

A STUDY OF THE POTENTIAL AND DEVELOPMENT OF MEKONG RIVER ALGAE (KAI NAM KHONG) INTO A HEALTHY MEAL SET FOR BAN HAT BAI COMMUNITY, RIM KHONG SUBDISTRICT, CHIANG KHONG DISTRICT, CHIANG RAI PROVINCE

2026-05-05T21:34:29+07:00

This research aims to 1) Study the potential of Mekong River algae and 2) Develop healthy meal recipes from Mekong River algae for the community of Ban Hat Bai, Rim Khong Sub-district, Chiang Khong District, Chiang Rai Province. The research methodology is mixed-methods, involving participatory action research. The sample group consists of 15 people, including members of the Tai Lue local food community enterprise in Ban Hat Bai, experts in algae food preparation, and food specialists, selected through purposive sampling. Research instruments include in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, food recipe quality assessments, and meal appropriateness evaluations. Qualitative data was analyzed using content analysis, while quantitative data was analyzed using means and standard deviations. The research findings indicate that the community has long-standing knowledge of utilizing algae, both in traditional and modern forms. Mekong River algae have high nutritional potential, with 100 grams of dried algae containing 19.3 grams of protein, 21.9 grams of dietary fiber, 943.9 milligrams of calcium, and 162 milligrams of iron. Six standard meal recipes were developed from algae, including four savory dishes: Ao Kai (335.70 kcal), steamed algae dumplings (60.56 kcal), fried algae with galangal (22.66 kcal), and algae with tomato chili dip (101.67 kcal); and two creative snacks: Tai Lue sushi with algae (156.48 kcal) and golden cups with algae salad (43.80 kcal). The health-oriented meal arrangements include personal meal setups and Kantok-style meal setups. Overall, the appropriateness evaluation results were at the highest level, particularly in terms of arrangement style, identity, and story.

CONFIRMATORY FACTOR ANALYSIS OF COMMUNICATION AND DEVELOPMENT GUIDELINES FOR ENHANCING THE WORK PERFORMANCE OF FLIGHT ATTENDANTS IN LOW-COST AIRLINES IN THAILAND

2026-05-16T14:10:29+07:00

Communication is a critical factor influencing the performance and safety of flight attendants. However, communication problems such as misinterpretation, unclear information exchange, and ineffective interaction still occur in operational contexts, potentially affecting teamwork efficiency and flight safety. This study employed a mixed methods research design to 1) Analyze the confirmatory factors of communication for enhancing the job performance of flight attendants in low-cost airlines in Thailand, 2) Examine the structural validity of the proposed model, and 3) Propose communication development guidelines to enhance work performance. The key informants consisted of five flight attendants, and the quantitative sample included 400 respondents. The research instruments were in-depth interviews and a five-point rating scale questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and confirmatory factor analysis. The results revealed that the communication model consisted of eight components: sender, receiver, communication channels, message content, two-way communication, interpersonal communication behavior, communication skills, and knowledge level. Interpersonal communication behavior refers to expressive interactions such as openness to opinions and mutual engagement, whereas communication skills refer to abilities in encoding and decoding messages, including speaking, listening, and appropriate language use.
The model demonstrated a good fit with the empirical data (χ² = 24.441, df = 13, GFI = 0.984, CFI = 0.995, RMSEA = 0.047). The findings suggest that organizations should systematically promote communication training focusing on clear information delivery to support the effective and safe performance of flight attendants.

DEVELOPING A MANAGEMENT EXCELLENCE MODEL FOR THE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT AND INNOVATION PROMOTION GROUP AT RAJAMANGALAUNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

2026-05-05T21:27:37+07:00

This research article aimed to: 1) Examine the components of management for excellence in the technology development and innovation promotion group of Rajamangala University of Technology; 2) Develop a management model for excellence; and 3) Formulate policy recommendations for implementing the model. The study employed a mixed-methods research and development design comprising three phases: documentary analysis, interviews with nine purposively selected executives, and a questionnaire survey of 370 personnel; the development and evaluation of a draft model by nine experts and 45 practitioners; and the evaluation of policy recommendations by five experts. The research instruments consisted of a semi-structured interview form, a component questionnaire, a model evaluation form, and a policy recommendation evaluation form. Data were analyzed using content analysis, descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis, Varimax rotation, and a criterion-referenced mean test. In this study, excellence in the context of the technology development and innovation promotion group refers to the university’s capability to generate practical outcomes in technology and innovation, such as patents, intellectual property, technology transfer, commercialization, collaboration with partners, and outcomes for learners, communities, and industries. The findings revealed that: 1) Management for excellence consisted of nine components, with a Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin value of 0.86, Bartlett’s test of sphericity statistically significant at the .001 level, a cumulative variance explained of 52.584 percent, and an overall reliability coefficient of 0.91; 2) The developed model was systematic, with suitability and feasibility rated at a high level; and 3) The policy recommendations emphasized a central data system, monitoring mechanisms, a research and innovation ecosystem, collaboration with partners, outcome-based resource allocation, and impact measurement to promote sustainable university excellence.

DEVELOPMENT OF LEARNING PACKAGE ON THAI PRONUNCIATION SKILLS THROUGH PHONICS APPROACH AND FIDEL CHARTS AIDS FOR VIETNAMESE LEARNERS

2026-05-21T20:57:24+07:00

This research aimed to 1) Study and analyze Thai pronunciation problems among Vietnamese learners; 2) develop a Thai pronunciation learning package using a Phonics approach and Fidel Charts; and 3) to investigate the Thai pronunciation performance of Vietnamese learners after practicing with the developed learning package. The research instruments included: 1) lesson plans, 2) A Fidel Chart, 3) Pronunciation practice exercises, and 4) Pre-test and post-test assessments. The data were statistically analyzed using a t-test and the Effectiveness Index (E.I.). The research findings revealed that 1) The primary pronunciation problem stemmed from the inability to differentiate similar sounds. Consequently, the researcher utilized these findings to design the learning package, focusing on initial single consonants and consonant clusters, including the sounds /p/, /ph/, /j/, /ch/, /y/, /s/, /pr/, /pl/, /phr/, /phl/, and /phl/. Additionally, problems were identified in differentiating short and long vowels, pronouncing the falling tone, and confusing final consonant pairs between /k/ and /t/, as well as /ng/ and /n/. 2) The learners' Thai pronunciation achievement post-test mean score was 205.50 (S.D. = 5.45), which was significantly higher than the pre-test mean score of 144.50 (S.D. = 14.53) at the statistical significance level of .05 (t = 10.99). 3) The Effectiveness Index (E.I.) of the learning package was 0.8079, demonstrating that the learners’ learning progress increased by 80.79% of the potential improvement after practicing with the developed learning packages.

MODEL-BASED LEARNING FOR ENHANCING HIGHER ORDER THINKING OF STUDENTS AT THE FUNDAMENTAL EDUCATION LEVEL IN PHRA NAKHON SI AYUTTHAYA PROVINCE

2026-04-30T22:48:56+07:00

This research employed a mixed-methods research methodology with the objectives to: 1) Analyze the needs for learning management that promotes higher-order thinking among students at the fundamental education level in Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Province, and 2) To study guidelines for model-based learning management that promotes higher-order thinking in students. The sample group completing the assessment consisted of 148 primary-level science teachers selected through multi-stage random sampling, and 3 upper-primary science teachers selected through purposive sampling. The research instruments were a needs assessment form and a model-based learning management plan promoting higher-order thinking. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, the Modified Priority Needs Index, and content analysis. The findings revealed that: 1) Critical thinking and analytical thinking had the highest priority needs to be fostered in students, with values of 0.52 and 0.51 respectively. and 2) The model-based learning management guidelines for promoting higher-order thinking consisted of four steps: Step 1-Creation of the model, where teachers use familiar situations to prompt students to identify components and connect scientific phenomena; Step 2-Expression of the model, where students present and discuss their models by comparing similarities and differences between models and debating assumptions; Step 3-Test of the model, where students examine their models through experimentation and draw evidence-based conclusions; and Step 4-Evaluation of the model, where students evaluate and revise their models in connection with surrounding contexts and critically assess peers' models using scientific principles. Model-based learning management fostered the development of analytical and critical thinking from a foundational level to a higher level.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF A VENTILATOR WEANING MODEL FOR CRITICALLY ILL SURGICAL PATIENTS AT SURAT THANI HOSPITAL

2026-05-24T22:44:43+07:00

The objectives of this research and development study were to: 1) Investigate the problems and needs related to the care of patients undergoing ventilator weaning; 2) Develop a ventilator weaning model; and 3) Evaluate the effectiveness of the developed ventilator weaning model.
The sample consisted of 25 registered nurses and mechanically ventilated patients, including 40 patients in the experimental group and 40 patients in the control group, selected through purposive sampling. The research instruments included: 1) A Ventilator weaning assessment form, 2) A Ventilator weaning process record form, 3) A Knowledge test, and 4) A Satisfaction questionnaire. The content validity index (CVI) of the research instruments was 0.86. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations, as well as the Paired t-test, Independent t-test, and the Mann–Whitney U test. The results revealed that the developed ventilator weaning model was based on the A-B-C-D-E-F assessment pattern. It also consisted of three phases: readiness assessment before ventilator weaning, implementation of the weaning process, and readiness assessment before extubation. The model incorporated clear weaning criteria and standardized nursing practice guidelines. After implementation of the model, patients in the experimental group demonstrated a significantly higher ventilator weaning success rate compared with the control group (p < .05). Nurses achieved a good level of knowledge regarding ventilator weaning ( = 18.04, S.D. = 1.06), with a statistically significant improvement (p < .01). Nurse satisfaction with the model was at a very high level ( = 4.57, S.D. = 0.57). In conclusion, the developed ventilator weaning model was effective in improving both patient and nursing outcomes. The model can be effectively implemented in surgical intensive care units to enhance nursing quality and patient safety.

ENHANCING MATHEMATICAL LITERACY OF GRADE 9 STUDENTS THROUGH LEARNING ACTIVITIES BASED ON MATHEMATICAL MODELING ON PYRAMIDS, CONES, AND SPHERES

2026-05-21T21:48:29+07:00

The purposes of this research article were to: 1) Investigate instructional guidelines for enhancing mathematical literacy through mathematical modeling activities, and 2) Examine the development of mathematical literacy during the implementation of learning management through mathematical modeling activities on the topics of pyramids, cones, and spheres. The target group consisted of 40 ninth-grade students from a large secondary school in Bangkok during the 2025 academic year, selected by purposive sampling. The study employed an action research design. The research instruments included mathematics lesson plans, a mathematical literacy assessment, and an interview form on mathematical literacy. Quantitative data were analyzed using frequency and percentage, while qualitative data were analyzed through content analysis. The findings revealed that: 1) Learning management should provide students with opportunities to learn through real-life and familiar problem situations in order to connect mathematical knowledge with everyday experiences. Such learning activities encouraged students to understand problems, identify relevant information, construct mathematical relationships, select appropriate problem-solving processes, and interpret results in relation to the context of the situation. In addition, presenting and exchanging ideas helped promote students’ analytical thinking, reasoning, and application of mathematical knowledge in real-life problem-solving and 2) Students demonstrated continuous development in mathematical literacy, with the majority reaching a very good level. Considering the components of mathematical literacy, students showed the highest development was found in mathematizing (65.0%), followed by employing mathematical concepts, procedures, and reasoning to solve problems (57.5%), and interpreting and evaluating mathematical outcomes (42.5%), respectively.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF STORYTELLING MATERIALS TO PROMOTE STUDENTS’ SOFT SKILLS IN EDUCATION FUND SCHOOLS IN PHRA NAKHON SI AYUTTHAYA PROVINCE

2026-05-16T14:03:31+07:00

This research article aimed to: 1) Examine teachers' ability to develop storytelling materials promoting Soft Skills in Education Fund Schools in Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Province, and 2) Assess the Soft Skills of Grade 6 students in Education Fund Schools in Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Province. The samples were selected through purposive sampling and consisted of 16 teachers and 32 Grade 6 students from eight Education Fund Schools in Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Province, namely Wat Chulamani School, Wat Muang Wan School, Mala-ee Songkhro School, Rungwittaya Pracha-uppatham School, Wat Nong Mai Sung School, Ban Chang School, Wat Tang Luang School, and Wat Sam Phleng School, during the 2025 academic year. The research instruments comprised a teacher ability assessment for developing Soft Skills storytelling materials (IOC = 0.80 - 1.00) and a student Soft Skills assessment rubric (IOC = 0.80-1.00; Cronbach's Alpha = 0.92). Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and the Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks Test. The findings revealed that: 1) Regarding teachers' storytelling development ability, the post-development mean score ( = 42.87) was significantly higher than the pre-development mean score ( = 39.45) and exceeded the 80 percent criterion of the total score at the .05 level of statistical significance (Z = −2.67, p = .008); and 2) Regarding students' Soft Skills, students who participated in learning activities using the developed storytelling materials achieved an overall Soft Skills level rated as very good ( = 4.33, S.D. = 0.51), with moral and ethical competency and collaboration and leadership skills recording the highest mean scores among all eight dimensions. The research findings indicate that storytelling as a learning medium is effective in developing students' Soft Skills significantly.

DEVELOPMENT MODEL OF POVERTY PROBLEM SOLVING IN SURIN PROVINCE WITH DHAMMA-ORGANIC AGRICULTURAL IN SUPPORTIVE WAY CONCEPT TO SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOODS

2026-05-21T21:53:35+07:00

This research aimed to 1) Develop human capital and strengthen self-reliance among poor households; 2) Improve resource management systems and production efficiency; 3) Transfer production planning and marketing knowledge through an organic agriculture enterprise learning center; and 4) Develop a poverty alleviation model based on the sustainable livelihood framework in Surin Province, Thailand. The study employed a research and development approach. The population consisted of 820 poor households located in Yawuek Subdistrict, Chumphon Buri District, and Tamiang Subdistrict, Phanom Dong Rak District, Surin Province. A purposive sampling method based on voluntary participation was used to select 330 households as the sample group. Research instruments included a livelihood capital survey, three learning curricula, and focus group discussion guidelines. Data were collected through surveys and focus group discussions and analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and percentage) together with content analysis. The findings revealed that the “Dhammic Organic Agriculture and Mutual Support Model” significantly enhanced human capital and livelihoods through the integration of the Buddhist principle of Attahi Attano Natho (self-reliance) and the “Nine-Step Sufficiency Ladder,” beginning with food, basic necessities, housing, and environmental security, and extending toward merit-making, saving, marketing, and networking. The model also promoted the use of appropriate technologies, including solar-powered water systems, low-cost greenhouse innovations, bio-soil conditioners, and biological pest control agents. Simultaneously, social capital was strengthened through local wisdom mentors and collaborative networks involving 24 partner organizations. As a result, participating households increased their average annual income by 73.67% and reduced food expenditures by 28.99% per year, leading to improved food security, reduced dependence on external inputs, enhanced capacity for self-management of resources, and decreased economic vulnerability, alongside the sustainable restoration of local ecosystems.

OTOP PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY TO INCREASE THE COMPETITIVENESS OF THE UPPER EASTERN REGION (PRACHINBURI, CHACHOENGSAO, SA KAEO)

2026-05-26T22:51:33+07:00

The purpose of this study was to examine the roles of government policies, business context and marketing environment, entrepreneurial characteristics, integrated product development strategies, and business operation strategies affecting the competitiveness of OTOP entrepreneurs. A mixed-methods research design was employed. Quantitative data were collected from 300 OTOP entrepreneurs selected from a total population of 2,388 entrepreneurs using a questionnaire with a reliability coefficient of 0.892. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis. Qualitative data were obtained from 16 key informants and analyzed through content analysis to explain the factors and development approaches contributing to the sustainable enhancement of OTOP entrepreneurs’ competitiveness.The findings revealed that the five integrated factors-government policies, business context and marketing environment, entrepreneurial characteristics, product development strategies, and business operation strategies-collectively explained 56.50% of the variance in entrepreneurs’ competitiveness, with statistical significance at the .05 level. Entrepreneurial characteristics and product development strategies were identified as the most influential factors. Meanwhile, government policies and market context played dual roles as both supporting mechanisms and structural constraints. Most entrepreneurs demonstrated adaptability to changing conditions and were able to utilize digital marketing channels to expand business opportunities; however, they continued to rely primarily on price-based competition, resulting in unstable long-term competitive advantages. In addition, gaps were identified in technology adoption, innovation capacity, and strategic capabilities.Therefore, OTOP development should emphasize value creation through innovation, branding, the application of digital technologies, and the enhancement of entrepreneurial capabilities in order to strengthen competitiveness and promote long-term economic sustainability.

A STUDY OF THE CURRENT STATUS AND DEVELOPMENTAL NEEDS FOR ENHANCING PROBLEM-SOLVING COMPETENCY IN MIDWIFERY AMONG NURSING STUDENTS IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

2026-05-10T19:50:54+07:00

This research aimed to examine the current conditions, problems, and needs for enhancing midwifery problem-solving competencies among nursing students. A convergent parallel mixed-methods design was employed, grounded in Facione's critical thinking theory and the Modified Priority Needs Index (PNI modified). The sample comprised four stakeholder groups: administrators, instructors, third- and fourth-year nursing students, and preceptor nurses, totaling 138 participants from 24 public institutions, selected through stratified random sampling by regional proportion, along with 22 in-depth interview participants. Research instruments included a 30-item questionnaire covering four competency domains (IOC = 0.90, Cronbach's alpha = 0.92) and a semi-structured interview guide (IOC = 0.87). Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and PNI modified, qualitative data through Reflexive Thematic Analysis, and integrated via Joint Display. Results revealed that overall competency was at a high level ( = 3.84); however, the thinking and decision-making domain scored lowest with the highest priority need ( = 3.56, PNI modified = 0.35), followed by the practice and management domain, the care quality development domain, and the knowledge and assessment domain. Qualitative data confirmed five key problems: lack of systematic analytical thinking, inability to connect theory to practice, uncertainty in clinical decision-making, structural limitations of clinical training sites, and theoretical framework discrepancies across institutions. Three policy recommendations are proposed: 1) Implementing simulation-based learning emphasizing systems thinking, 2) Promoting the use of clinical reasoning questions in student supervision, and 3) Adopting PNI modified as a foundation for establishing national standards for midwifery teaching resource allocation.

EVALUATION OF THE TEACHER COMPETENCY DEVELOPMENT MODEL IN STUDENT DEVELOPMENT AND CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT IN SCHOOLS UNDER BORDER PATROL POLICE SUB DIVISION 43

2026-05-22T23:06:50+07:00

This research aims to pilot and evaluate competency development models in student development and classroom management in school under Border Patrol Police Sub Division 43. This research and development model involved a population of 131 teachers from 15 affiliated schools. A purposive sampling method was used to select 15 teachers as a sample group, with 2 teachers chosen for follow-up. The model was then evaluated by 10 experts. The instruments used were the competency development model and an evaluation form for usefulness and feasibility of implementation. Data was analyzed using mean and standard deviation. The research findings showed that after pilot training and follow-up, teachers were able to effectively apply the models in teaching and classroom management. They understood the principles of participation and were able to create a conducive learning environment. The evaluation of the models revealed that, in the student development aspect, the overall usefulness was at the highest level ( = 4.67, S.D. = 0.51), and the overall feasibility of implementation was also at the highest level ( = 4.64, S.D. = 0.54). Regarding classroom management, the usefulness... The overall effectiveness was rated at the highest level ( = 4.59, S.D. = 0.31), and the feasibility of implementation was also rated at a high level ( = 4.47, S.D. = 0.62). The research findings reflect that the developed competency development model is suitable for the context of Border Patrol Police schools and can be used as a guideline for developing teacher potential in educational institutions with similar contexts, such as schools in mountainous areas and island schools, in order to improve student quality and sustainable education management.

A MARKETING PLAN FOR SMART AGRICULTURE TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER TO SUGARCANE FARMERS IN KHON KAEN PROVINCE

2026-05-26T22:49:30+07:00

This research article aimed to: 1) Investigate the factors and constraints influencing the awareness and adoption of smart agricultural technologies among sugarcane farmers in Khon Kaen Province; and 2) Propose marketing planning guidelines for technology transfer that are aligned with farmers’ contexts and needs. This quantitative study collected data through structured questionnaires administered to 263 sugarcane farmers in Khon Kaen Province. The participants were selected using purposive sampling from eight sugarcane promotion zones and had prior experience in sugarcane cultivation and agricultural technology utilization. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including frequency, percentage, and mean, together with comparative analysis based on farm size and content analysis of open-ended responses. The findings revealed that most farmers demonstrated a high level of exposure to smart agricultural technologies. Sugar mills and farmer networks served as the primary sources of information for initial awareness. However, decisions regarding technology adoption were largely made by farmers themselves in consultation with family members. Learning and evaluation of new technologies commonly occurred through observation of demonstration plots established by sugar mills and fellow farmers before implementation on a limited scale and subsequent expansion when satisfactory outcomes were achieved. Farmers expressed strong interest in technologies that enhance productivity, improve resilience to climatic conditions and pests, and remain economically feasible. They also expected support from sugar mills in terms of machinery, financial resources, and technical assistance. The proposed marketing plan classified technologies into four categories based on investment requirements and payback periods: high-cost/rapid-return, high-cost/delayed-return, low-cost/rapid-return, and low-cost/delayed-return technologies. This classification provides a practical framework for designing technology transfer strategies that correspond to the capabilities and needs of different farmer groups, thereby enhancing sugarcane production efficiency and supporting the sustainable development of smart agriculture.

UNDERSTANDING AND GUIDELINES FOR ASSESSING TOURISM SITE POTENTIAL

2026-05-24T22:42:19+07:00

The objectives of this research were to: 1) Explore general information of research regarding tourism site potential assessment in Thailand, and 2) Analyze the advantages and limitations of the methods used in studying tourism site potential in Thailand. This research employed a documentary research methodology, selecting and analyzing research articles that studied or assessed tourism site potential in various contexts, published in academic journals over the past 15 years (2010 - 2025). A data recording form was utilized to collect essential information, such as research titles, study areas, sample groups or informants, data analysis methods, and research findings. The researcher collected data from two databases, Google Scholar and the Thai Journal Citation Index (TCI), to cross-verify information from both sources, using content analysis and descriptive statistics for interpretation. A total of 69 research papers met the specified criteria. The findings revealed that: 1) The majority of the research was conducted in the southern region and focused on community-based tourism site potential, primarily employing quantitative research methodologies and gathering data from diverse stakeholder groups. and 2) The analysis of advantages and limitations of the methods for studying tourism site potential found that each type of evaluator and assessment tool possessed different strengths and weaknesses depending on the specific context. The research indicates that no single assessment method is perfect. Therefore, researchers should adopt mixed or integrated methods involving a variety of informants and assessment tools, while refining these instruments to be flexible according to the local conditions of the area. Such an approach ensures that the assessment results are comprehensive, reliable, and capable of being effectively applied to actual area development.

A NEEDS ASSESSMENT OF SCHOOL ADMINISTRATION FOR PROMOTING INNOVATIVE COMPETENCY AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS UNDER THE BANGKOK METROPOLITAN ADMINISTRATION

2026-05-10T20:19:17+07:00

This research aims to examine the current conditions, desirable conditions, and priority needs of school administration in promoting innovative competency among primary school students under the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration. Using a mixed-methods research approach. The research sample consisted of 375 participants, including 25 school administrators and 350 academic teachers. The sample size was determined using the Krejcie and Morgan table, and participants were selected through stratified random sampling. The research instrument used for data collection was a questionnaire focusing on the priority needs of school administration for enhancing student’s innovative competency. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and the Modified Priority Needs Index (PNI Modified). The findings revealed that the overall current condition of school administration was at a moderate level ( = 3.22, S.D. = 0.83), while the desirable condition was at the highest level ( = 4.51, S.D. = 0.59). The overall Modified Priority Needs Index was 0.411, indicating a significant need for development. When considering each component, the highest priority need was found in Component 5: Output (PNI Modified = 0.437), followed by the Process component (PNI Modified = 0.415), Component 3: Input factors for promoting innovative competencies (PNI Modified = 0.413), Component 2: Principles (PNI Modified = 0.406), and Component 1: Objectives, which had the lowest priority need (PNI Modified = 0.385).

COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT FOR SUSTAINABLE WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN CHONBURI PROVINCE

2026-05-21T20:54:37+07:00

The Research aimed to 1) Study the current problems, 2) Develop a model, and 3) Evaluate the developed model for community empowerment in sustainable water resource management in Chon Buri Province. The research and development process consisted of three phases. Phase 1 involved a quantitative and qualitative situational study utilizing questionnaires and interviews with 411 sampled participants, analyzed using mean and content analysis. Phase 2 focused on model development through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with 18 key informants, followed by content analysis. Phase 3 evaluated the model using evaluation forms completed by 15 experts, with data analyzed by mean. The findings revealed that 1) The overall problem of community water resource management in Chon Buri Province was at a moderate level. 2) The developed community empowerment model comprised principles, objectives, administrative processes, and evaluation guidelines, emphasizing enhancement of flood management capabilities, community water quality development, and participatory water resource management. 3) The overall evaluation of the model demonstrated its high effectiveness. When considering individual aspects, the highest-rated dimensions, ranked from highest to lowest, were relevance and contextual appropriateness, model clarity, and practical feasibility, respectively.

ADMINISTRATION OF THE ECCLESIASTICAL OFFICIALS FOR PUBLIC SERVICES TO THE PEOPLE BASED ON BUDDHIST PRINCIPLES

2026-05-24T22:16:34+07:00

This research aimed to: 1) Study the administrative conditions of Sangha administrators for public service; 2) Examine related Buddhist principles; and 3) Propose ecclesiastical administration guidelines for public service according to Buddhist principles. This qualitative study collected data through documentary research and in-depth interviews with 20 purposively selected informants-comprising Sangha administrators, Buddhist scholars, political scientists, and community leaders-along with focus group discussions involving 12 experts. The research instrument, a structured interview form, was validated by five experts. Data were analyzed using content analysis and verified via triangulation. Findings revealed that Sangha administrators govern under the Sangha Act B.E. 2505, structured hierarchically from temples to the Supreme Sangha Council. They drive six missions: administration, religious education, educational welfare, propagation, public utilities, and public welfare. The applied Buddhist principle, Sangahavatthu IV (Dāna, Piyavācā, Atthacariyā, Samānattatā), significantly enhances public trust and administrative efficiency. Consequently, Sangha administrators have expanded their roles from religious leaders to integrated public service providers, fostering community empowerment. The proposed guidelines emphasize developing a public service ecosystem, social mediation, institutional trust, and community empowerment driven by Sangahavatthu IV. Furthermore, this study synthesized a new body of knowledge, the MGPS Model, comprising M = Moral Leadership, G = Good Governance, P = Public Service, and S = Sustainability. This model serves as a guiding framework to enhance ecclesiastical administration in contemporary society.

A MODEL FOR DEVELOPING THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF THE ELDERLY THROUGH LIFELONG LEARNING BASED ON COMMUNITY WAY OF LIFE, MUANG MAI BANG BUA THONG MUNICIPALITY, BANG BUA THONG SUB-DISTRICT, NONTHABURI PROVINCE

2026-05-10T10:19:01+07:00

This research aimed to 1) Examine the quality of life of the elderly, 2) Investigate community conditions and people's way of life, and 3) Develop a model for improving the quality of life of the elderly through lifelong learning based on community way of life in New Bang Bua Thong Municipality, Nonthaburi Province. A mixed methods research design was employed. Quantitative data were collected through a WHOQOL-BREF-based questionnaire from a sample of 390 elderly persons and analyzed using means and standard deviations. Qualitative data were gathered through in-depth interviews with 20 key informants, two focus group discussions, and documentary analysis, and were analyzed through content analysis. The findings revealed that the overall quality of life of the elderly was at a high level ( = 3.47). The social relationships domain had the highest mean score ( = 3.71), followed by psychological health ( = 3.62) and environment ( = 3.58), while physical health had the lowest mean score at a moderate level ( = 2.98). The community was undergoing a transition from an agricultural to an urban society, comprising two types: traditional communities with strong social networks and housing estate communities where the elderly tended to experience social isolation. The area possessed multicultural local wisdom from three cultural roots: Thai-Buddhist, Thai-Chinese, and Thai-Muslim. A key finding was that older adults valued friendship over content when participating in learning activities. The model for developing the quality of life of older adults through lifelong learning based on community ways of life is grounded in three principles: 1) Older adults are both givers and receivers; 2) The community way of life serves as both the content and the space for learning; and 3) Learning and social interaction are inseparable.

DEVELOPMENT OF A BAN MAYING WISDOM-BASED CREATIVE HANDICRAFT LEARNING MODEL AND FACTORS AFFECTING STUDENT TEACHERS’ CREATIVITY THROUGH THE COACHING PROCESS

2026-05-27T22:54:10+07:00

The objectives of this research were to: 1) Synthesize the body of knowledge regarding Ban Maying pottery wisdom in collaboration with local sages, and develop a creative handicraft learning model integrated with a coaching process for student teachers; 2) Investigate the effects of using the learning model on the active learning management competencies and innovative handicraft design skills of Industrial Arts students; and 3) Analyze factors affecting the development of creativity and the role transformation from instructor to coach among the students. The target group, selected via purposive sampling, consisted of 17 Industrial Arts students at Nakhon Si Thammarat Rajabhat University enrolled in the second semester of the 2025 academic year. The experiment was conducted over a period of 12 hours. Research instruments included competency-based lesson plans, a coaching manual, and an innovation assessment form. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, t-test, effect size (Cohen’s ), and Stepwise Multiple Regression Analysis. The results revealed that: 1) The efficiency (E1/E2) of the learning model was 86.40/88.15, which was higher than the established criterion of 80/80; 2) After the experiment, the students’ scores in active learning management competencies and creativity were significantly higher than before the experiment at the .01 level, with a very high effect size ( = 2.15); and 3) The predictive factor analysis indicated that “Proactive Coaching Skills” (X₁) and “Awareness of Local Wisdom Value” (X₂) were predictor variables that jointly explained 72.50% of the variance in creativity (Y) (R² = .725) at the .05 significance level. The standardized prediction equation was Z_Y = .542 (Z_X1) + .418 (Z_X2), indicating that coaching serves as a crucial mechanism in effectively transforming local wisdom knowledge into pedagogical innovation.

AN ASSESSMENT PLATFORM FOR TEACHERS' ICT COMPETENCIES IN THE DIGITAL ERA AND ANALYZE THE FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATION

2026-06-07T14:39:37+07:00

This research aimed to: 1) Investigate the components and indicators of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) competency for teachers in the digital era; 2) Develop an ICT competency assessment platform tailored for digital-age teachers; and 3) Analyze the factors influencing the practical implementation of the platform. A mixed-methods research design was employed. The qualitative phase involved a comprehensive literature review to synthesize competency indicators, followed by in-depth interviews. A purposive sample of five experts in educational media and innovation evaluated the platform's quality, with data subjected to content analysis and thematic synthesis. For the quantitative phase, the platform was assessed using a user satisfaction questionnaire. The instrument demonstrated excellent content validity, with a Scale-Level Content Validity Index (S-CVI) of 0.96, and high reliability (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.95). Quantitative data were collected from 190 administrators of private educational institutions across the southern provinces along the Gulf of Thailand. The findings revealed that: 1) The ICT competency framework for digital-age teachers comprises five major components, 15 subcomponents, and 54 indicators; 2) The developed platform exhibited a very high level of overall effectiveness ( = 4.53, S.D. = .14), indicating its optimal suitability for practical application; and 3) Regarding the factors affecting platform adoption, program design demonstrated the greatest influence (81%), followed by data management (80%), information presentation (58%), and information retrieval (36%), respectively.

FACTORS AFFECTING JOB PERFORMANCE FROM THE APPLICATION OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY AMONG PERSONNEL OF THE OFFICE OF THE JUDICIARY, REGION 8

2026-05-27T21:01:44+07:00

This research paper aims to: 1) To study the level of operational efficiency, 2) To compare operational efficiency by classification by personal data, 3) To study the acceptance of technologies that affect operational efficiency, 4) To study operational factors that affect operational efficiency, and 5) To study the approach to improving operational efficiency from the application of digital technology. The quantitative research collected data using a questionnaire with 294 personnel affiliated to the Bureau of Justice Region 8, and the qualitative research collected data using a semi-structured questionnaire from 14 executive-level representatives of the Bureau of Justice Region 8. One-way variance Multiple regression and content analysis. The results showed that 1) Performance efficiency was at the highest level, 2) Personnel with different genders, ages, education levels, and length of service. 3) Acceptance of technology, including perception of benefits, perception of ease, and attitude towards use, which significantly affected operational efficiency at the level of 0.05 4) Operational factors such as knowledge, ability, motivation, distribution channels, policies and organizational structure, and relationships with colleagues affected operational efficiency statistically significant at the level of 0.05 and 5) Guidelines for improving operational efficiency from the application of digital technology. Emphasis is placed on the implementation of digital infrastructure and paperless regulations, along with management leadership to strengthen personnel capacity through mentoring systems and personalized development plans, as well as the use of task tracking through timely databases and motivation to reduce work stress.

ENHANCING CHINESE LISTENING AND SPEAKING SKILLS OF THAI STUDENTS THROUGH COMMUNICATIVE LANGUAGE TEACHING INTEGRATED WITH VLOGS

2026-05-22T22:59:36+07:00

Vlog is a video blog that records daily life stories. This research aimed to 1) Study the Chinese listening skills of secondary school students after using CLT-based instructional activities integrated with Vlogs; and 2) Study the Chinese speaking skills of secondary school students after using CLT-based instructional activities integrated with Vlogs. The research sample consisted of 54 Grade 11 students from a school in Bangkok, selected through purposive sampling. A one-group pretest-posttest experimental design was adopted for this study. They participated in 20 hours of learning activities. The researcher designed the instructional activities based on Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) and integrated them with Vlogs in every learning unit. The research instruments included: 1) Five lesson plans which were validated by experts with an average appropriateness score of 4.75 (S.D. = 0.44); 2) A Chinese listening test with an average IOC of 0.90; 3) A Chinese speaking test with an average IOC of 0.87; and 4) A learning activity evaluation form. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and t-test. The results showed that after learning with this innovation, students' average listening scores increased from 36.39 to 58.78, and their average speaking scores increased from 29.32 to 61.57. Both differences were statistically significant at the .001 level (p < 0.001). Questionnaire for evaluating learning outcomes of CLT-integrated Vlog teaching, whose data were analyzed by means and standard deviations.

DEVELOPMENT OF MULTIMEDIA TO PROMOTE CHINESE COMMUNICATION SKILLS ON FOOD AND BEVERAGE FOR SECONDARY GRADE 1 STUDENTS

2026-05-21T19:16:46+07:00

This research article aimed to: 1) Develop multimedia materials to enhance Chinese communication skills on the topic of food and beverages for Grade 1 students; 2) Compare the Chinese communication skills of students who learned through multimedia materials before and after instruction; 3) Compare the Chinese communication skills between students who learned through multimedia materials and those who received traditional instruction; and 4) Investigate students’ satisfaction toward the multimedia materials. The sample group consisted of Grade 1 The population consisted of 413 first-year secondary school students from two private schools offering Chinese language courses in Patong Subdistrict, Hat Yai District, Songkhla Province: Patong Wittaya Foundation School and Song Saeng Wittaya School. The sample consisted of 55 first-year secondary school students from Patong Wittaya Foundation School, second semester, academic year 2025, This research, conducted using multi-stage random sampling, is a research and development study employing a single-group experimental design with pre- and post-test measurements. The research instruments included multimedia materials, lesson plans, a Chinese communication skills test, and a satisfaction questionnaire. The statistics used for data analysis were mean, standard deviation, dependent samples t-test, and independent samples t-test. The findings revealed that the developed multimedia materials, consisting of texts, graphics, animations, audio, and videos, achieved an efficiency of 75.09/75.39, which was higher than the established criterion of 75/75. Students who learned through multimedia materials demonstrated significantly higher Chinese communication skills after instruction than before instruction at the .05 level of significance. In addition, their communication skills were significantly higher than those of students who received traditional instruction at the .05 level. Furthermore, students’ overall satisfaction with the multimedia materials was at a high level, with a mean score of 4.49. This demonstrates that multimedia effectively promotes learning and develops students' skills.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN INSTRUCTIONAL MODEL BASED ON THE PHILOSOPHY FOR CHILDREN APPROACH AND YONISO MANASIKARA CONCEPT TO ENHANCE CRITICAL THINKING FOR GRADE 6 STUDENTS

2026-05-27T22:57:13+07:00

This research aimed to: 1) Study the conditions, problems, and guidelines for instructional management, 2) Develop an instructional model, and 3) Evaluate and improve the aforementioned instructional model. This is a three-phase research and development study, as follows: Phase 1 studied the conditions, problems, and guidelines for instructional management. The sample group consisted of 267 school administrators and 280 teachers teaching Student Development Activities for Grade 6 students. Phase 2 developed the model. The target group consisted of 5 experts who examined the quality of the research instruments. Phase 3 evaluated and improved the model, with 5 experts serving as evaluators. The research instruments used were a questionnaire on the conditions, problems, and guidelines for instructional management, and a model evaluation form. The statistics employed were percentage, mean, and standard deviation. The findings revealed that: 1) Overall, the condition of instructional management was at the lowest level ( = 1.25, S.D. = 0.04), problems in instructional management were at the highest level ( = 4.62, S.D. = 0.15), and guidelines for organizing instructional activities were at the highest level ( = 4.54, S.D. = 0.07); 2) The developed model, named the SUPAROEK MODEL, comprised 5 components: 1) Principles, 2) Objectives, 3) Content, 4) Instructional Activities consisting of 8 steps - Step 1: Setup, Step 2: Understanding, Step 3: Practice, Step 4: Application, Step 5: Reflection, Step 6: Observation, Step 7: Evaluation, and Step 8: Knowledge Sharing - and 5) Measurement and Evaluation; and 3) The results of the expert evaluation of the model indicated that the developed model had overall appropriateness at the highest level ( = 4.57, S.D. = 0.10).

PREPARATION FOR COMPETENCY-BASED SCHOOL CURRICULUM ADMINISTRATION IN SCHOOLS FOR THE DEAF UNDER THE JURISDICTION OF THE SPECIAL EDUCATION BUREAU

2026-05-22T23:17:21+07:00

This study aimed to 1) Develop indicators for the administration of competency-based school curricula in schools for the deaf under the Office of Special Education Administration, 2) Examine guidelines for such curriculum administration, and 3) Assess the feasibility of implementing the proposed guidelines. A mixed-methods design was employed in three phases. In Phase 1, the indicators were developed using data from 580 teachers and educational personnel and analyzed through confirmatory factor analysis. In Phase 2, the curriculum administration guidelines were examined using quantitative data from 264 teachers and educational personnel and qualitative data from 12 school administrators. In Phase 3, the feasibility of implementing the proposed guidelines was assessed through a focus group discussion with five school administrators. The research instruments comprised a questionnaire, a semi-structured interview guide, and a focus group discussion guide. Data were analyzed using means, standard deviations, t tests, F tests, confirmatory factor analysis, and content analysis. The findings revealed that 1) The curriculum administration model comprised four components: curriculum development, planning for curriculum implementation, curriculum implementation, and curriculum evaluation, encompassing 20 indicators. The data were suitable for factor analysis (KMO = 0.093, and the model demonstrated an excellent fit with the empirical data (χ²/df = 1.17, CFI = 1.00, GFI = 0.98, RMSEA = 0.02; 2) The guidelines should emphasize the specification of learner competencies, planning for curriculum implementation, active learning using Thai Sign Language and visual learning materials, and authentic assessment; and 3) The proposed guidelines were considered highly feasible for implementation, provided that sustained support was available in terms of personnel, resources, technology, and supervision and monitoring systems. The findings can serve as a systematic framework for improving curriculum administration in schools for the deaf, enabling it to respond to learners’ specific educational needs and the distinctive contexts of individual schools.

POLICY FOR PROMOTING HEALTH OF THE ELDERLY: A CASE STUDY OF BUEMANG SUBDISTRICT ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANIZATION, RAMAN DISTRICT, YALA PROVINCE

2026-05-21T21:37:01+07:00

Thailand has entered a complete aged society, while older adults at the local level continue to face well-being challenges across multiple dimensions, and policies promoting well-being at the community level remain insufficiently comprehensive and sustained. This study aimed to 1) Examine the current state of policy for promoting the well-being of older adults and 2) Identify policy development guidelines for promoting the well-being of older adults in Buemang Subdistrict, Raman District, Yala Province. A qualitative research methodology was employed, with data collected through in-depth interviews from three groups of key informants totalling 12 individuals selected by purposive sampling: five administrators and practitioners responsible for elderly affairs, two community leaders, and five older adults residing in the area. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis and categorized according to the research objectives. The findings revealed that current policies for promoting elderly well-being in Buemang Subdistrict encompass three dimensions. In the physical dimension, coordination with the Subdistrict Health Promoting Hospital facilitated annual health check-ups, health care training, and support for elderly individuals with dependent conditions. In the social dimension, efforts include welfare support, occupational promotion, housing improvement, cultural activities, and transmission of local wisdom to younger generations. In the psychological dimension, religious activities, study tours, and regular home visits were organized. Regarding policy development guidelines, key recommendations include increasing the frequency of health check-ups and home visits, developing exercise facilities, establishing schools for the elderly, promoting community-based product development, and identifying elderly role models. This study contributes to the body of knowledge on local public policy by demonstrating that promoting elderly well-being in multicultural communities requires the integration of social capital, local wisdom, and religious context as key mechanisms, offering a replicable framework for policy design in similar community settings.

MANAGEMENT FACTORS AFFECTING THE SUCCESS OF AESTHETIC CLINICS IN THAILAND

2026-05-27T20:40:48+07:00

This study aimed to investigate the current status of management factors and clinic success, as well as to examine the management factors influencing the success of aesthetic clinics in Thailand. The sample consisted of 364 representatives of aesthetic clinics selected using cluster sampling. The research instrument was a questionnaire on management factors affecting clinic success. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and multiple regression analysis. The results revealed that the overall level of management factors was at the highest level ( = 4.34, S.D. = 0.05), while the overall level of clinic success was also at the highest level ( = 4.22, S.D. = 0.11). The results of multiple regression analysis indicated that management factors collectively explained 7.6% of the variance in clinic success, with statistical significance at the .001 level. The factors that positively influenced clinic success were equipment and management methods. When considering individual factors, the equipment factor explained 5.7% of the variance in clinic success (p < .001), with the use of advanced medical technologies exerting a positive influence on clinic success. In addition, the management methods factor explained 2.8% of the variance in clinic success (p < .01), and the comprehensive analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT analysis) was found to have a positive effect on clinic success.The findings highlight the importance of integrating advanced medical technologies with strategic management tools, particularly SWOT analysis, to identify market gaps and enhance organizational adaptability. Such integration is a key driver of sustainable success and competitive advantage for aesthetic clinics in Thailand.

EXPLORATORY FACTOR ANALYSIS OF SCHOOL SAFETY IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN THE DIGITAL ERA, UNDER THE OFFICE OF BASIC EDUCATION COMMISSION

2026-05-24T22:21:18+07:00

The purpose of this study was to explore the underlying factors of safety in primary schools in the digital era under the Office of the Basic Education Commission. This study employed a quantitative research design using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). The population consisted of 2,752 teachers and educational personnel working in primary schools in Nonthaburi Province under the Office of the Basic Education Commission. The sample size of 338 participants was determined based on Krejcie and Morgan's sampling table. Data were collected through an online questionnaire. The reliability of the instrument was assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, yielding a value of 0.92. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, including frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation, as well as exploratory factor analysis. The findings revealed that the data were appropriate for factor analysis, with a Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy (KMO) value of 0.87 and a Bartlett's Test of Sphericity value of 5876.58, which was statistically significant (p < .001). The exploratory factor analysis extracted four factors influencing safety in primary schools in the digital era from 22 observed variables, accounting for 60.972 percent of the cumulative variance. The four factors were: 1) Culture and Management, comprising 11 variables; 2) Policy and Privacy, comprising 5 variables; 3) Digital Protection Skills, comprising 3 variables; and 4) Cybersecurity Awareness and Participation, comprising 3 variables. Among these, the most influential factor was Culture and Management, reflecting the importance of collaborative practices, capacity building among school personnel, and the establishment of systematic safety management processes within educational institutions.